module 1. what do we know about sports science?

Question 1

learning objectives

Answer 1

. Discuss the important role of physical activity on health and human performance;

2. Describe cultural considerations in relation to exercise for health (hauora) and performance;
3. Explain the scientific process, understand its importance and application in exercise science and use this understanding to
   describe the characteristics of myths and knowledge;
4. Describe the major disciplines of exercise sciences and the interdisciplinary approach to create scientific knowledge;
5. Search, identify, review and interpret information about exercise science from different sources;
6. Undertake meaningful measurement of human movement;

Question 2

the definition of physical activity.

Answer 2

any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

Question 3

Lieberman definition of exercise.

Answer 3

voluntary physical activity undertaken for the sake of health and fitness

Question 4

how many adults and adolescents do not currently meet the WHO guidelines for physical activity?

Answer 4

1 in 4 adults and 3 in 4 adolescents.

Question 5

three measurements of issues within physical activity.

Answer 5

Validity, reliability and sensitivity.

Question 6

Socio-cultural factors mean which groups tend to be less active?

Answer 6

Females
Older adults
People with disabilities/diseases

Question 7

4 Positives of Physical Activity Guidelines

Answer 7

Clear simple targets
Evidence backed (to reduce risk of NCDs)
Age appropriate
Multi level strategies across globe

Question 8

4 Negatives of Physical Activity Guidelines.

Answer 8

Difficult to attain, largely ineffective thus far
States what to do, not how to do it
Lifestyle changes are not sustained
Simplistic (range of sociocultural and economic factors)

Question 9

3 related principles to fitness and training.

Answer 9

Initial values = people with low fitness will show greater relative gains and at a faster rate

Diminishing returns = reach a ceiling through genetics and training age

Individual differences = everyone is different many reasons (genetics, fitness, age, training age, motivation etc)

Question 10

principle of overload.

Answer 10

overload - increasing the load through frequency, duration or intensity. intensity has the biggest effect.

Question 11

difference between micro, meso and macro cyles in principle of periodisation.

Answer 11

microcycles - week
mesocycle(phase) e.g aligning with the menstural phase.
macrocycles - total training period.

Question 12

current prescription of physical activity for health.

Answer 12

Sit less, move more

150 min of moderate of 75 min of vigorous activity / week

At least 2 resistance sessions / week on major muscle groups

Progression is critical

Question 13

what is allometric scaling?

Answer 13

comparison between humans and species, need to scale non-lineary to correct for different size.

Question 14

why do we practice?

Answer 14

the human body is complex.
voluntary coordinated movement is the result of numerous sub-systems working together to satisfy task and environmental demands.
learning rarely happens in the absence of feedback or error.

Question 15

why do we strech?

Answer 15

increased blood flow, flexibility, reduce injury, to warm up and to increase performance.