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D2: 620 Cariology > Module 1: What Are Caries > Flashcards

Module 1: What Are Caries Flashcards

1
Q

Is the cavitation the early or late stage of the disease process?

A

Late

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2
Q

How do carious lesions start?

A

Loss of surface integrity

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3
Q

What part of the crown is vulnerable?

A

Any uncovered portion of the tooth

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4
Q

What are the three steps of a Lesions Assessment?

A

See it: Visually on the surface
Feel it: Drag the explorer to assess surface texture
Radio it: Use it to verify the histological depth of lesion

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5
Q

How do active smooth surface caries look on visual examination?

A

They look dry and feel rough

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6
Q

If treated properly, can active smooth surface caries be remineralized?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What do inactive smooth surface caries look like

A

Hard
Smooth
Shiny
Black to Brown to White in Color

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8
Q

What are the three Stages of Caries Progression?

A

Initial
Moderate
Extensive

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9
Q

Besides Initial, Moderate, and Extensive…how else are caries categorized?

A

Active or Inactive

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10
Q

How do active Dentine lesions appear?

A

Soft, flaky, and/or leathery

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11
Q

How do inactive Dentive lesions appear?

A

Shiny and hard on probing

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12
Q

What are three ingredients that allow for caries development?

A

Tooth
Bacteria
Sugar sources

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13
Q

What are the three parts of the ven diagram that allow caries to form?

A

Host factors
Bacterial factors
External factors

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14
Q

What are some examples of host factors?

A

Tooth anatomy, texture, protected surfaces
Salivary quality and flow rates
Salivary pH and buffering capacity
Systemic disease

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15
Q

How can a caries infection be described?

A

A multifactorial pH mediated disease

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16
Q

Why might diabetic patients have a lot of carious lesions?

A

Due to a reduced salivary flow rate

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17
Q

What are some Environmental/External Factors?

A

Diet:
Fermentable carbs, frequency of meals, acidity of meals

Oral hygiene and compliance
Fluoride exposure

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18
Q

What do the bacteria create in order to adhere to teeth?

A

Sticky glucans

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19
Q

What does the acidic byproducts from the bacteria do to weaken the enamel?

A

It removes calcium and phosphates

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20
Q

What are some of the bacterial factors that must be present for carious development?

A

Mutans Streptococci
Lactobacilli
Other non-cariogenic bacteria can become cariogenic for short periods of time under certain conditions

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21
Q

What is the theory that states that some typically non carious bacteria can become cariogenic if the pH of the oral environment remains acidic for an extended period of time?

A

Extended ecological plaque hypothesis

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22
Q

Who came up with the ecological plaque hypothesis?

A

Marsh

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23
Q

What does Marsh’s ecological plaque theory reconcile?

A

the non specific and specific bacterial hypotheses

24
Q

What is the non-specific bacterial hypotheses?

A

All bacteria is bad and should be removed

25
Q

What doe the ecological hypothesis say?

A

There are several varieties of bacteria that may be cariogenic and that the pH of the environment play a significant role in carious development

26
Q

What is the first step in the process of decay?

A

The dissolution of minerals in the enamel

27
Q

What is the imperfect mineral structure of enamel and dentin?

A

Calcium deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite

28
Q

What direction do the enamel rods run in?

A

Perpendicular to the DEJ

29
Q

What is detectable ahead of the advancement of the lesion towards the DEJ?

A

Tubular sclerosis or sclerotic/translucent dentin

30
Q

What is the most common reaction of the pulpodentinal complex to adverse insult?

A

Deposition of minerals in the dentin tubules

31
Q

Why is it called translucent dentin?

A

The dentin appears translucent due to reduced light scattering

32
Q

What happens when the carious lesion makes it to the DEJ

A

A light brown discoloration will appear in the dentin which is the first sign of dentin demineralization

33
Q

What part of the odontoblast is housed in each dentin tubule?

A

The odontoblastic process

34
Q

Are the odontoblastic processes peritubular or intertubular?

A

Peritubular

35
Q

What is more mineralized? Odontoblastic processes or intertubular dentin?

A

Odontoblast processes

36
Q

What sensations are delivered to the nerves in the pulp via the odontoblastic processes?

A

Pain
Pressure
Temperature

37
Q

What degrades the dentin once the bacteria has come into direct contact with it?

A

Acid and proteolytic enzymes

38
Q

What happens in the zone of destruction?

A

Dentin that has been exposed directly to bacteria will decompose

39
Q

What might happen before the dentinal invasion by the bacteria

A

Reactive/Reparative dentin may form

40
Q

How are dead tracks in dentin formed?

A

When the bacteria invades below the zone of destruction and quickly progresses through the tubules

41
Q

What is it called when a bacterial invasion causes two or more dead tracts to coalesce?

A

Liquefactive foci

42
Q

What will the decomposing/ed dead tracts make up?

A

The zone of bacterial penetration

43
Q

Besides during embryonic development, when do we see amelogenin expression?

A

During pathological conditions like carious lesions

44
Q

What might amelogenin be an important precursor for?

A

Reactionary dentin matrix formation

45
Q

When does primary dentin form?

A

before eruption

46
Q

When does secondary dentin form?

A

forms through root formation

47
Q

When does tertiary dentin form?

A

In response to stimuli from the bi-products of bacterial invasion in advance of the bacteria

48
Q

What can mimic carious lesions in children that ingested high levels of fluoride before the age of 8?

A

Fluorosis

49
Q

What do teeth look like that have mild fluorosis?

A

The teeth look like they have white flakes, frosty edges, or fine lace like white lines

“Snow capped appearance on incisal edges”

50
Q

What can occur in severe cases of fluorosis?

A

Pitting and staining

51
Q

Besides fluorosis what are two other conditions that mimic the look of carious lesions?

A

Hypocalcification

Amelogenesis imperfecta

52
Q

What type of inheritance pattern has Amelogensis imperfecta been linked to?

A

X chromosome and sporadic

53
Q

What is another mimic of caries that be attributed to low birth weight, prematurity, maternal illness, smoking, drug use, liver disease or drug use

A

Hypoplasia

54
Q

What is erosion caused by?

A

Acids of non-bacterial origin

55
Q

What causes abraction lesions?

A

Microfractures in the cervical tooth structure due to destructive excursive forces

56
Q

Why can abfraction, abrasion, attrition, and erosion lesions be mistaken for arrested/inactive carious lesions?

A

Because they form hard, shiny surfaced lesions

D2: 620 Cariology (3 decks)

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