Module 1 unit 2

Question 1

The term theory comes from the Greek word” “ which means what?

Answer 1

theria and vision

Question 2

is an idea or notion conceived in the mind and known to be as the **building blocks of a theory

Answer 2

concept

Question 3

is a concept that have simple, directly observable empirical referents that can be seen, felt, or heard

Answer 3

empirical concept

Question 4

not clearly observable, directly or indirectly, and must be defined in terms of observable concepts

Answer 4

abstract concept

Question 5

also known as non-variable concepts, identify categories or classes of characteristics, like gender, ethnic background and marital status

Answer 5

discrete concept

Question 6

concepts allow classification of dimension or graduation of phenomena on a continuum

Answer 6

continuous concept

Question 7

composed of various descriptions which **convey a general meaning and reduces the vagueness **in understanding a set of concepts

Answer 7

definition

Question 8

establishes meaning to a term in the context of a theory and permits any reader to assess the validity of the definition

Answer 8

theoretical definiton

Question 9

tells **how **the concept is linked to concrete situations, provides measurement and describes a set of procedures that will be performed to assign value for the concept

Answer 9

operational definition

Question 10

propose relationships between and among two or more concepts.

Answer 10

relational statements

Question 11

Relational statement

**Statements **of constant relationship between two or more concepts or facts.

Answer 11

proposition

Question 12

Relational statement

A statement of fact meant to describe an action or a set of actions that is well grounded, with strong empirical support and evidence of empirical regulatory.

Answer 12

laws

Question 13

Relational statement

Consist of a basic set of statements or propositions that** state the general relationship between concepts**. They are relatively abstract and are not directly observed or measured.

Answer 13

axioms

Question 14

Relational statement

Summarize empirical evidence and provide some confidence that the same pattern will be repeated in concrete situations in the future under the same conditions.

Answer 14

empirical generalizations

Question 15

Relational statement

statements that** lack support from empirical research**. It is an educated guess based upon observation.

Answer 15

hypothesis

Question 16

also known as nonrelational statements that claim the** existence **of phenomena referred to by concepts.

Answer 16

existence statement

Question 17

describe concepts that occur together which may have positive, negative or neutral association/correlation

Answer 17

Associational or Correlational Statements

Question 18

explains that one concept is considered to **cause **the occurrence of the second concept (cause and effect relationship)

Answer 18

causal statements

Question 19

are notations that are taken to be true without proof

Answer 19

assumptions

Question 20

Theory Development Process

What are the five steps in this process?

Answer 20

Concept development
Statement development
Theory Construction
Testing Theoretical Relationships
Application of theory in practice

Question 21

Theory Development Process

Specifying, defining and** clarifying the concepts **used to describe a phenomenon of interest.

Answer 21

Concept Development

Question 22

Theory Development Process

**Formulating **and analyzing statements explaining relationships between concepts, also involves determining empirical referents that can validate them

Answer 22

Statement Development

Question 23

Theory Devlopment Process

Structuring and contextualizing the components of the theory; includes identifying assumptions and organizing linkages between and among the concepts and statements to form a theoretical structure.

Answer 23

Theory Construction

Question 24

Theory Development Process

Validating theoretical relationships through empirical testing.

Answer 24

Testing theoretical relationships

Question 25

Using research methods to assess how the **theory** can be **applied in practice**; research should provide evidence to evaluate the theory’s usefulness.

Answer 25

Application of theory in practice

Question 26

# Analysis of Theory The analysis criteria are as follows:

Answer 26

Clarity Simplicity Generality Accessibility Importance

Question 27

# Classification of Nursing Theories are those that **describe**, observe and name concepts, propositions and dimension. These** theories identify and describe the major concepts** or phenomena but does not explain how or why the concepts are related.

Answer 27

Descriptive Theories / Factor-Isolating Theories.

Question 28

# Classification of Nursing Theories These theories are achieved when the conditions under which concepts are related are stated and the relational statements are able to **describe future outcomes** consistently.

Answer 28

Predictive Theories / Situation-Relating Theories

Question 29

# Classification of Nursing Theories are those that **prescribe** activities necessary to reach defined goals. They address nursing therapeutics and consequences of interventions.

Answer 29

Prescriptive Theories / Situation-Producing Theories

Question 30

# Classification of Nursing Theories are those that relate concepts to one another, **describe the interrelationships** among concepts and propositions, and specify the associations or relationships among some concepts

Answer 30

Explanatory Theories / Factor-Relating Theories