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GIT > Module 1: Unit 1 to Unit 5 > Flashcards

Module 1: Unit 1 to Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Information technology?

A

-> It is the use of any computer, storage, networking and other physical device
to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
-> It deals with the methods used in information processing.

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2
Q

What is digital literacy?

A

An individual’s ability to find, evaluate, and compose clear
information through writing and other media on various digital platforms

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3
Q

What is another term for digital literacy?

A

Computer literacy

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4
Q

Name some computer roles in our lives

A
  1. Tiny embedded computers control alarm clocks, entertainment centers and home
    appliances
  2. Today’s automobiles cannot run efficiently without embedded computer systems
  3. An estimated 10 mil people work from home instead of commuting to work because of
    PCs and networking technologies
  4. People use social media for communications nearly 10 times as often as snail mail and 5
    times more than a telephone.
  5. Routine daily tasks such as banking, buying groceries are affected by computer
    technologies
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5
Q

This is a collection of parts, a computer combined with hardware and software used to perform desired tasks.

A

Computer system

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6
Q

What are the 4 components of a computer system?

A

Hardware
Software
Data
User

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7
Q

This refers to the tangible, physical computer equipment and devices which provide support for the major functions of the computer system.

It controls the input of data into the computer system and the output of information from the computer system.

A

Hardware

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8
Q

What are the 5 types of hardware?

A
  1. Input devices
  2. Output devices
  3. System unit
  4. Storage devices
  5. Communication devices
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9
Q

These devices are used to enter data or instructions into a computer system.

A

Input devices

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10
Q

What are the two types of input devices?

A
  1. Manual input devices
  2. Automatic input devices
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11
Q

These are input devices that needs to be operated by a human to input data.

A

Manual input devices

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12
Q

These can input data on their own.

A

Automatic input devices

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13
Q

These are used to convey information from the computer system to one or more people. They are pieces of hardware that send usable information out of the computer.

A

Output devices

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14
Q

What are the two types of output devices?

A
  1. Temporary output device
  2. Permanent output device
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15
Q

Differentiate temporary output device from permanent output device

A

Temporary output device only conveys information temporarily like monitors while permanent output devices output information onto paper as hard copy like printers.

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16
Q

Input and output devices are known as _______________.

A

Peripheral devices

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17
Q

This houses the electronic components to process data.

A

System unit

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18
Q

What consists of the system unit?

A
  1. Motherboard
  2. Processor
  3. Memory
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19
Q

This is the main circuit board of the system unit. It is central
to any computer system.

A

Motherboard

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20
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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21
Q

This is the brain of the computer. It controls what the computer does and is responsible for performing calculations and data processing.

A

CPU

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22
Q

This electronic component that store instructions waiting to be executed and data
needed by those instructions.

A

Memory

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23
Q

What are the two types of internal memory?

A

ROM
RAM

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24
Q

The RAM and ROM device are referred to as _____________?

A

Primary Storage

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25
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read Only Memory

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26
Q

This memory is used to permanently store instructions that tell the computer how to boot
(start-up). It also loads the operating system (e.g. Windows).

A

ROM

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27
Q

What do you call the instructions that are stored in ROMs?

A

BIOS (Basic input/output system) or the booth program

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28
Q

Explain: ROM is fast memory.

A

It means that data stored in ROM can be accessed and read very quickly.

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29
Q

Explain: ROM is Non-Volatile.

A

This means that stored information is not lost when
the computer loses power.

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30
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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31
Q

This is used to temporarily store information that is currently in use by the
computer. It can be read from and written to and so the information stored in it can change all the time.

A

RAM

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32
Q

Explain: RAM is Volatile Memory.

A

It stores date ‘non-permanently’. This means that
information stored in RAM is deleted as soon as the computer is turned off.

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33
Q

These hold data, instructions and information permanently for future use. It
records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media.

A

Storage Devices

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34
Q

This is a type of storage device that is used to store data that is not instantly needed by the computer. This is used to back-up data.

A

Secondary storage devices

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35
Q

What are the two categories of storage devices?

A
  1. Internal storage
  2. External storage
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36
Q

This is one of the most popular types of storage used.

A

Magnetic Storage Device

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37
Q

This is the main storage device in a computer.

A

Hard Drive

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38
Q

External hard drive is also known as _____________?

A

Removable hard drive

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39
Q

This uses lasers and lights as its mode of saving and retrieving data.

A

Optical storage device

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40
Q

This is a digital optical storage device which was intended to replace the DVD
format.

A

Blu-ray Disc

41
Q

This is an optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be modified no deleted.

A

CD-ROM disc

42
Q

This is a recordable disc that can be written to once.

A

CD-R

43
Q

This is a rewritable disc that can be written to multiple times.

A

CD-RW

44
Q

This is now replacing magnetic storage device as it is economical, more
functional and dependable.

A

Flash memory device

45
Q

This is an electronic flash memory device used to store digital information and
commonly used in mobile electronic devices.

A

Memory card

46
Q

This is a memory card that is removable.

A

Memory stick

47
Q

This is a flash memory device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to save data steadily.

A

SSD or Solid State Drive

48
Q

This is a small, portable storage device connected
through the USB port.

A

USB flash drive, jump drive or thumb drive

49
Q

This is now becoming widespread as people access data from different devices.

A

Online and Cloud Storage

50
Q

Data is managed remotely and made available over a network. Basic
features are free to use but upgraded version is paid monthly as a per consumption
rate.

A

Cloud storage

51
Q

Audio, Video, Images or Text that are used on a computer network.
A community of people create and use the content shared over the internet.

A

Network media

52
Q

Device requires power to retain its stored data – data is lost as soon as power
is cut-off from the device

A

Volatile Memory

53
Q

Device can retain stored data even after computer power is turned-off

A

Non-Volatile Memory

54
Q

Data stored in the device can be accessed in any order, i.e. random

A

Random access

55
Q

Data stored in the device can be accessed only in sequential order from start
to finish

A

Sequential access

56
Q

The device allows data to be read and written onto it.

A

Read/Write Access

57
Q

The device only allows data to be read from it – its contents is prefabricated
during the production of the device.

A

Read-Only access

58
Q

Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.

A

Communication devices

59
Q

This is known as the series of related instructions that make the computer perform tasks. In other words, software tells the computer
what to do.

A

Software

60
Q

This refers to any piece of software.

A

Program or application

61
Q
A
62
Q

What are the types of software?

A
  1. Systems software
  2. Application software
63
Q

This includes the programs that are dedicated to
managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and
disk operating system (or DOS).

A

Systems software

64
Q

Simply referred to as ‘applications’, these are end-user programs
that execute specific tasks like report generation, spreadsheet management, running
games, sending emails, and online research among other functions.

A

Application software

65
Q

It consists of individual facts or pieces of information that are used by the computer system to produce information.

A

Data

66
Q

Anyone who communicates with a computer system

A

User

67
Q

What are the types of computers?

A

Supercomputers
Mainframe computers
Minicomputers
Microcomputer
Embedded competer

67
Q

This has an
incredibly high level of performance. These are usually used
on a large-scale operation like industrial function, space
exploration, weather forecasting, and nuclear testing.

A

Supercomputer

67
Q

These are like big centralized machines that contains the large memory, huge storage space, multiple high-grade processors, so it has ultra-processing
power compare to standard computer systems.

A

Mainframe computer

67
Q

These were introduced in the mid-1960s. It
has the most of the features and capabilities of a large computer but more compact in size. This is also called a mid-range computer. These were primarily used for
process control and performing financial and administrative
tasks, such as word processing and accounting.

A

Minicomputers

67
Q

This has a central processing unit (CPU) as
a microprocessor. These are also known as personal
computers (PC). These are primarily used for
word processing, managing databases or spreadsheets,
graphics and general office applications.

A

Microcomputer

68
Q

This is a combination of
hardware and software that is designated to perform a
highly specific function.

A

Embedded computer

69
Q

One of the earliest known calculating devices. It has roots dating back to around 2400 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia and China. It allowed users to perform basic arithmetic operations through the manipulation of beads on rods.

A

Abacus

70
Q

It was an early mechanical
calculator capable of performing addition and subtraction. It featured gears and wheels to
handle numerical computations.

A

Pascaline

71
Q

Who invented the pascaline?

A

Blaise Pascal

72
Q

This was a
conceptual mechanical computer that laid the groundwork for modern computing. It
featured basic arithmetic operations, loops, and conditional branching.

A

Analytical Engine

73
Q

Who invented the analytical engine?

A

Charles Babbage

74
Q

This is a loom that used punched cards to control the weaving patterns, effectively introducing the concept of programming through punched cards.

A

Jacquard Loom

75
Q

Who developed the Jacquard Loom?

A

Joseph-Marie Jacquard

76
Q

This is the
world’s first programmable electronic digital computer. It was used to break encrypted
German codes and played a crucial role in the Allied victory.

A

Colossus

77
Q

Who developed the Colossus?

A

Tommy Flowers

78
Q

This was
the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was massive and used vacuum tubes for
computation.

A

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

79
Q

This was the first
commercially available computer, widely used for scientific and business applications.

A

UNIVAC 1

80
Q

Who developed UNIVAC 1?

A

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

81
Q

These revolutionized computing and replaced bulky vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.

A

Transistors

82
Q

Who developed transistors?

A

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley

83
Q

Which lab was transistors invented?

A

Bell Labs

84
Q

This series was a family of mainframe
computers that offered compatibility across models, setting a new standard for computer
architecture.

A

IBM 360 series

85
Q

This was the precursor to the modern internet, which allowed
computers to communicate with each other for the first time.

A

ARPANET

86
Q

This became one of the first commercially successful
microcomputers, inspiring hobbyists and entrepreneurs like Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop software for it.

A

Altair 8800

87
Q

This was one of the first mass-produced, user-friendly
personal computers, making a significant impact on the home computing market.

A

Apple II

88
Q

This became the industry
standard, accelerating the adoption of personal computers in businesses and homes.

A

IBM PC

89
Q

This invention made the internet accessible to non-technical users and transforming the way we access and share
information.

A

WWW

90
Q

The late 1990s saw a surge of internet-based companies, leading to this, with examples like Pets.com and Webvan, which eventually burst in the
early 2000s.

A

Dot-com bubble

91
Q

When was the iPhone introduced?

A

2007

92
Q

This provide scalable and on-demand computing resources over the internet,
enabling businesses and individuals to access data and applications from anywhere.

A

Cloud Computing

93
Q

Advancements in these have led to
breakthroughs in natural language processing, image recognition, autonomous vehicles,
and more.

A

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

94
Q

These leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to perform complex calculations
exponentially faster than traditional computers.

A

Quantum Computing

GIT (6 decks)

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