Module 1- The Story of Psychology (Definitons)

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

the view that psychology
1) should be an objective science that
2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Most researchers agree with (1) but not with (2)

Question 2

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 2

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Question 3

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 3

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language

Question 4

Psychology

Answer 4

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 5

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 5

the long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 6

Natural Selection

Answer 6

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 7

Levels of Analysis

Answer 7

the differing complementary views, from the biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 8

Basic Research

Answer 8

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 9

Applied Research

Answer 9

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 10

Counseling Psychology

Answer 10

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often relate to school, work, or marriage), and in achieving greater well-being

Question 11

Clinical Pyschology

Answer 11

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 12

Psychiatry

Answer 12

a branch of medicine dealing the psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 13

Positive Psychology

Answer 13

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 14

Community Psychology

Answer 14

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 15

Two schools of thought

Answer 15

Structuralism and functionalism

Question 16

Psychology defined as ____ for early pioneers.

Answer 16

“the science of mental life”

Question 17

Freudian Psychology

Answer 17

Emphasizes the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior

Question 18

Cognitive Revolution

Answer 18

2nd group of psychologists in the 1960s

Led the field back to its early interest in mental processes, such as the importance of how our mind processes and retains information

Question 19

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 19

Scientifically explores the ways we perceive, process, and remember information

Question 20

Behavior

Answer 20

anything an organism does- any action we can observe and record

Question 21

Mental processes

Answer 21

The internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior- sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings

Question 22

Contemporary Science: Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 22

Nurture works on what nature endows.

Question 23

Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 23

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Someone working in this field might study brain circuits that cause us to be “red in the face” and “hot under the collar”

Question 24

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 24

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival genes.

Someone working in this field might analyze how anger facilitated the survival of our ancestor’s genes.

Question 25

Behavior Genetics Perspective

Answer 25

How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.

Might study how heredity and experience influence our individual differences in temperament.

Question 26

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 26

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Might view an outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility.

Question 27

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 27

How we learn observable responses.

Might attempt to determine which external stimuli trigger angry responses or aggressive acts.

Question 28

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 28

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Might study how our interpretation of a situation affects our anger and how our anger affects our thinking

Question 29

Social-Cultural Perspective

Answer 29

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Might explore how expressions of anger vary across cultural contexts.

Question 30

Development Psychologist

Answer 30

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

Question 31

Biological Psychologist

Answer 31

exploring the links between brain and mind

Question 32

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 32

Experimenting with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

Question 33

Personality Psychologist

Answer 33

Investigating our persistent traits

Question 34

Social Psychologists

Answer 34

Exploring how we view and affect one another.

Question 35

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Answer 35

Use psychology’s concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems.