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Module 1 > Module 1 The investigative mindset > Flashcards

Module 1 The investigative mindset Flashcards

1
Q

What is the investigators mind set?

A

Attitude and state of mind that investigators adopt and develop over time. A process underpinned by 4 key areas:

  • Core legislation
  • Characteristics of crime
  • National policies and procedures
  • Investigative techniques
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2
Q

What are the two methods of criminal investigations?

A

REACTIVE: Method starts with the discovery of a crime.
PROACTIVE: Method generally starts with information or an intelligence analysis that something has occurred.

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3
Q

What is material?

A

Material is substance of any kind, including information, objects, sounds and images, that has some bearing on any offence under investigation.

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4
Q

What should you aim to do with material generated by an offence?

A

Aim to maximize the amount of material collected then closely examine the material for its possible use.

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5
Q

What are the 3 categories of material?

A

Information, intelligence or evidence.

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6
Q

What kind of material is admissible as evidence?

A
  • Hearsay
  • Statements of opinion
  • Expert evidence
  • Improperly obtained material.
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7
Q

Applying the mindset- What is Principle 1 understanding the source of material?

A

knowing and understanding the origin of the material and to explain its characteristics and relevance to others.

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8
Q

What is principal 2? Plan and prepare material.

A

Plan and prepare: Making careful decisions about the collection of material. It is essential that material is gathered and obtained as early as possible. The best way possible to maximise its quality and avoid contamination.

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9
Q

Principal 2: What sources of material should you consider when starting a routine enquiry?

A

Must produce a written plan with clear objectives

  • re interviewing the witness / complainant
  • Information sources i.e NIA / Intel
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10
Q

principal 2: What should your planning and preparation identify?

A
  • Collection of the material will be maximised
  • legal, policy, ad procedural requirements are addressed.
  • specialist or technical equipment or expertise is utilised.
  • the most appropriate location to conduct the collection is prepared i.e interviewing suite.
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11
Q

Principal 3: Examine all material. What do you need to ensure as part of the collection process?

A
  • Immediate action is taken in relation to quality and preservation of material.
  • It’s reliability is tested at the earliest opportunity
    -relevant records are made
  • the material is appropriately stored
    MUST BE CLOSELY SCRUTINISED
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12
Q

Principal 3: What are the 3 areas that material is examined?

A
  1. Interpret
    - You should be in a position to explain your findings or interpretations to other, and be open to considering others interpretations.
  2. Clarify
    - Identifying and explaing and understanding any inconsistencies.
  3. Challenge
    - Challenge both the meaning and the reliability of any material gathered. Treat all material as possibly being wrong.
    A: Assume nothing
    B: Believe nothing
    C: Challenge everything
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13
Q

Principal 4: Record and collate Exhibit management

How must decisions be made following the examination of a source of material?

A
  • Examination records needed
  • Storage required
  • Security
  • Access
  • Conditions to be addressed for disclosure
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14
Q

Principal 5: Evaluate

Explain evaluation?

A

Identify any immediate actions that need to be taken in relation to the source. These include actions to test the reliability of the source.

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15
Q

What are 3 types of formal evaluation in an investigative mindset?

A
  1. INVESTIGATIVE EVALUATION (all material evaluated)
    - What is known, consistencies and conflicts.
  2. EVIDENTIAL EVALUATION
    - Overall strength of the case, evidence sufficient to proceed to charge
  3. SELF / PEER EVALUATION
    - Review of assumptions and decision making
    - lessons learnt
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16
Q

UNDERTAKE EVALUATION:

1. How do you set a purposeful objective?

A

Begin by reviewing the material collected to determine what questions and/or problems can be identified.

17
Q

UNDERTAKE EVALUATION

2. Why do you filter the material?

A

Examine the material gathered through the filters of relevance, reliability and admissibility.
RELEVANCE:When it has some bearing on the investigation or any person being investigated.
RELIABILITY: The reliability filter ensures independant corroboration of the material that is to be used as evidence for the prosecution is tested
ADMISSIBILITY: This filter helps ensure that the maximum amount of material will be available to courts in an evidentially acceptable format.

18
Q

UNDERTAKE EVALUATION:

How do we organise knowledge?

A

Organise the knowledge in a way that identifies gaps in the material collection from which to identify potential lines of enquiry.
The 5WH formula (Who, what, when, where, why, how?)
- What is known?
-What is not known?
- What are the consistencies?
- What are the conflicts?

19
Q

Explain test interpretation?

A

A number of ways can be taken to test the validity of your decision making throughout the investigation
- self review
- peer review
- expert review
- formal review
If the case goes to court further checks will arise out of the prosecutors review of the file. For more serious cases the crown prosecutor may identify additional lines of enquiry.

20
Q

Consider hypotheses

A

Hypotheses is defined as a suggested explanation for a group of facts either accepted as a basis for further verification or accepted as likely to be true.
Another way of describing a hyposthesis is building a scenario that best explains the available material.

21
Q

Developing hypotheses

A

Before developing hypotheses, an investigator must have sufficient knowledge about the investigation to be able to make valid judgements. Hypotheses should have specific objective based on the gap or the conflict in evidence e.g “How did the victim get from home to the scene?”
Hypotheses are not gut feelings or common sense. They are made through deliberate creative thinking. They should be based on known facts and stated assumptions.

22
Q

The investigative mindset conclusion

A

Police investigators are concerned with seeking out, gathering and assessing material. You must be able to carry out these duties in a manner that demonstrates the values and core competencies of Police.
You should have the following attributes
- a keen sense of inquiry
- a advanced and wide ranging cognitive skills
- a strong sense of justice and societal responsibility
- self awareness and self control

Module 1 (9 decks)

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