Module 1: The Human Body and Module 2: Cells and Tissues Flashcards
Anatomy
Studies the structure and relationships of body parts.
Gross Anatomy
Study of large structures; those visible to the naked eye.
Physiology
Studies the functions of the body and how they carry out life-sustaining activities.
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions amidst external changes.
Homeostatic Imbalance
The inability of the body to restore a functional and stable internal environment.
Superior
Toward the head; upper part of a structure or body; above.
Anterior
In front of
Proximal
Close to the origin of the body part/point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Deep
Away from the body surface (more internal).
Sagittal Section
Divides the body (or organ) into left and right planes.
Median (Midsagittal Section)
Divides the body (or organ) into EQUAL left and right parts.
Frontal (Coronal) Section
Divides the body (or organ) into its anterior and posterior sides.
How many regions are there in the abdominopelvic cavity?
9 regions
a component of the homeostatic control mechanism that responds to stimuli (changes in the environment).
Receptor
Rare type of feedback in the human body. It increases the original stimulus.
Positive Feedback (Mechanism)
The smallest unit of life.
Cell/s
A selectively permeable barrier decides which materials enter and/or exit the cell.
Plasma Membrane
Substances located outside the cells. Examples: ECF, Cellular Secretions, and ECM.
Extracellular Materials
Composes the fabric of the plasma membrane. Made up of phospholipids and cholesterol.
Membrane Lipids
Allows for the membrane to communicate with the environment. It aids in specialized membrane function.
Membrane Proteins
Allows the cells to adhere and communicate with each other. Allows for the movement of molecules between cells.
Cell Junctions
Transport of materials through the plasma membrane without any use of energy (ATP).
Passive Membrane Transport
Diffuses directly through the lipid bilayer.
Simple Diffusion.
Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane.
Osmosis
The ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells’ internal water volume.
Tonicity
Have the same concentrations of ECF and ICF. No net loss or gain of water.
Isotonic Solution
Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than in the cell (ECF>ICF).
Hypertonic Solution
More dilute than cells (ECF<ICF).
Hypotonic Solution
A chemical messenger.
Ligand
A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets itself.
Autocrine
A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a nearby cell.
Paracrine
A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a connected cell via gap junctions.
Across gap junctions
A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a distant cell via the bloodstream.
Endocrine
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Self-degradation / Self-eating of the cell
Autophagy
Known as the first cell
Fertilized Egg
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common function
Tissues
Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity.
Epithelial Tissue
Well-vascularized and works in body movement.
Muscle Tissue
TissueGenerate and conduct nerve impulses that respond to stimuli and transmit electrical impulses.
Neurons
