Module 1: The Human Body and Module 2: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Studies the structure and relationships of body parts.

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of large structures; those visible to the naked eye.

Question 3

Physiology

Answer 3

Studies the functions of the body and how they carry out life-sustaining activities.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions amidst external changes.

Question 5

Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 5

The inability of the body to restore a functional and stable internal environment.

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

Toward the head; upper part of a structure or body; above.

Question 7

Anterior

Answer 7

In front of

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Close to the origin of the body part/point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Question 9

Deep

Answer 9

Away from the body surface (more internal).

Question 10

Sagittal Section

Answer 10

Divides the body (or organ) into left and right planes.

Question 11

Median (Midsagittal Section)

Answer 11

Divides the body (or organ) into EQUAL left and right parts.

Question 12

Frontal (Coronal) Section

Answer 12

Divides the body (or organ) into its anterior and posterior sides.

Question 13

How many regions are there in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 13

9 regions

Question 14

a component of the homeostatic control mechanism that responds to stimuli (changes in the environment).

Answer 14

Receptor

Question 15

Rare type of feedback in the human body. It increases the original stimulus.

Answer 15

Positive Feedback (Mechanism)

Question 16

The smallest unit of life.

Answer 16

Cell/s

Question 17

A selectively permeable barrier decides which materials enter and/or exit the cell.

Answer 17

Plasma Membrane

Question 18

Substances located outside the cells. Examples: ECF, Cellular Secretions, and ECM.

Answer 18

Extracellular Materials

Question 19

Composes the fabric of the plasma membrane. Made up of phospholipids and cholesterol.

Answer 19

Membrane Lipids

Question 20

Allows for the membrane to communicate with the environment. It aids in specialized membrane function.

Answer 20

Membrane Proteins

Question 21

Allows the cells to adhere and communicate with each other. Allows for the movement of molecules between cells.

Answer 21

Cell Junctions

Question 22

Transport of materials through the plasma membrane without any use of energy (ATP).

Answer 22

Passive Membrane Transport

Question 23

Diffuses directly through the lipid bilayer.

Answer 23

Simple Diffusion.

Question 24

Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane.

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

The ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells’ internal water volume.

Answer 25

Tonicity

Question 26

Have the same concentrations of ECF and ICF. No net loss or gain of water.

Answer 26

Isotonic Solution

Question 27

Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than in the cell (ECF>ICF).

Answer 27

Hypertonic Solution

Question 28

More dilute than cells (ECF<ICF).

Answer 28

Hypotonic Solution

Question 29

A chemical messenger.

Answer 29

Ligand

Question 30

A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets itself.

Answer 30

Autocrine

Question 31

A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a nearby cell.

Answer 31

Paracrine

Question 32

A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a connected cell via gap junctions.

Answer 32

Across gap junctions

Question 33

A type of chemical signaling wherein a cell targets a distant cell via the bloodstream.

Answer 33

Endocrine

Question 34

Programmed cell death

Answer 34

Apoptosis

Question 35

Self-degradation / Self-eating of the cell

Answer 35

Autophagy

Question 36

Known as the first cell

Answer 36

Fertilized Egg

Question 37

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common function

Answer 37

Tissues

Question 38

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity.

Answer 38

Epithelial Tissue

Question 39

Well-vascularized and works in body movement.

Answer 39

Muscle Tissue

Question 40

TissueGenerate and conduct nerve impulses that respond to stimuli and transmit electrical impulses.

Answer 40

Neurons