Module 1. The Dynamic Scientific Discipline of Biotechnology

Question 1

What is Biotechnology?

Answer 1

> also commonly known as Biotech)
is broadly defined as the science of
using living organisms, or products
of living organisms for human
benefit

Question 2

Ancient biotechnology

Answer 2

> Selective breeding
(as early as 8000 B.C)
Ancient Egyptian
Brewery and Bakery
(4000 B.C)
Chinese beer
making
(7000 B.C)

Question 3

Classical biotechnology (1800s to mid 1900s)

Answer 3

17th century
Advent of cellular biology
–> Robert Hooke (microscope)

18th century
–> Edward Jenner (first vaccine)

19th century
–> Gregor Mendel (laws of inheritance)
–> Robert Brown (nucleus in the cell)
–> Fredrich Miescher (nuclein)
–> Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Von Waldeyer Hartz (“chromosome”)

20th century
–> Thomas Hunt Morgan
(principles of genetics was refined)
–> Wilhelm Johannsen (“gene”)
–> Alexander Fleming (Antibiotics)

Question 4

Modern biotechnology

Answer 4

> James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin in 1953
structural model of DNA
Jacob and Monad in 1961
operons
Gene regulation
Kary Mullis in 1983
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Amplification of specific DNA strands

Mechanisms of DNA replication
- is the term adopted by international
convention to refer to biotechnological
techniques from the manipulation of
genetic material and the fusion of cells
beyond natural breeding barriers

Question 5

Products of Modern Biotechnology

Answer 5

> In 1982, Genentech (widely regarded as the world’s first biotech company)
received first approval of recombinant insulin
Gene therapy for treatment and cure to human disease conditions
Genetic and tissue engineering to grow organs for transplantation
Marine organisms to treat cancer, strokes and anthritis
Specialized proteins
Advances in medicine
Potentially healthier lives and longer life span

Question 6

Biotechnology: A Science of Many Disciplines

Question 7

Colors of Biotechnology: WHITE Biotechnology:

Answer 7

INDUSTRIAL
> use of biocatalysts for the industrialscale production and processing of
products

Question 8

Colors of Biotechnology: RED Biotechnology

Answer 8

MEDICINE AND HUMAN HEALTH
> use of biotechnology in the medical field

Question 9

Colors of Biotechnology: GREEN Biotechnology

Answer 9

AGRICULTURE
> use of biotechnology for applications in agriculture

Question 10

Colors of Biotechnology: BLUE Biotechnology

Answer 10

MARINE
> creation of products and processes
from marine organisms through the
application of biotechnology

Question 11

Colors of Biotechnology: YELLOW
Biotechnology

Answer 11

> Nutrition Improvement

Question 12

Colors of Biotechnology: GREY Biotechnology

Answer 12

> Environmental Preservation

Question 13

Colors of Biotechnology: BROWN biotechnology

Answer 13

BROWN Biotechnology

Question 14

Colors of Biotechnology: ORANGE
Biotechnology

Answer 14

Teaching biotechnology

Question 15

Colors of Biotechnology: GOLD Biotechnology

Answer 15

> Bioinformatics

Question 16

Colors of Biotechnology: VIOLET Biotechnology

Answer 16

Patents and Law