Module 1 - Test 2 Flashcards
Where are the perforating pre-collectors located?
Parasternal, Paravertebral, Intercostals
What structure connects the endothelial cells of the lymph capillaries to the surrounding interstitial tissue?
Anchoring filaments.
How are large molecules able to fit into the lymph capillaries?
Lymph capillaries are LARGER than blood capillaries
They have a single layer wall of endothelial cells
The ANCHORING FILAMENTS pull up on the cell wall to open up “gates” when the pressure in the interstitial space is increased.
What is a lymph angion?
The segment of a lymph collector located between a proximal and distal pair of valves
When the lymph volume increases, what happens to lymphangiomotricity?
it increases
What is the main function of the lymph nodes?
To filter harmful material out of the lymph fluid
To produce and house lymphocytes and macrophages for immune system function
What happens to the lymph fluid as it passes through the lymph nodes?
it thickens
What structures form the medial femoral triangle where the inguinal lymph nodes are located?
Inguinal ligament
Gracilis muscle
Sartorius muscle
Which skin areas do the superficial Inguinal lymph nodes drain?
Legs
Lower quadrants
Exteral genetalia
Which parts of the body do the axillary lymph nodes drain?
The upper quadrants of the trunk
Upper extremities
The efferent vessels of the axillary lymph nodes converge to form which structure?
Subclavian Trunk
The lymph fluid in the subclavian trunk goes where?
Right venous angle
Left venous angle
What are the watersheds we utilize during treatment?
Upper horizontal
Sagittal
Lower horizontal
Gluteal
How many quadrants are on the trunk?
4
What is an inter-territorial anastamosis?
A connection between lymph collectors of two adjacent quadrants that crosses over the watersheds
Which anastomoses are commonly used in the treatment of lymphedema?
Anterior axillo-axillary (AAA)
Posterior axillo-axillary (PAA)
Axillo-inguinal/Inguinal-axillary (AI/IA)
Anterior inter-inguinal (AII)
Where is the axillo-axillary anastomoses (AAA) located?
Between the axillary lymph nodes crossing the sagittal watershed
Where is the anterior inter-inguinal anastomosis located?
Across the mons pubis, between the two iliac crests crossing the sagittal watershed
Where is the axillo-inguinal/inguinal-axillary anastomosis (AI/IA) located?
Between the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, on the front of the body
Where is the posterior axillo-axillary anastomosis (PAA) located?
Just above T3, between the right and left axillary lymph nodes
Where is the posterior inter-inguinal anastomosis (PII) located?
On the sacrum
How much fluid returns to the right venous angle in 24 hours?
300ml
How much fluid returns to the left venous angle in 24 hours?
2-4 L
What parts of the body do the pelvic lymph nodes drain?
Internal organs, ovaries, testicles, and prostate
What is the pathway of the lymph that comes from the intestines?
Gastrointestinal Trunk -> Cisterna Chyli -> Thoracic Duct -> Left Venous Angle
Where is the cysterna chyli located?
Anterior to vertebrae T11-L2
The venous angles are also known as what?
the terminus
Which two veins form the venous angle?
Internal jugular and subclavian
Which parts of the body drain into the right venous angle?
Right side of head, face, and neck
Right upper quadrant
Right upper extremity
What is the largest lymph trunk in the body?
Thoracic Duct
The lateral cervical triangle consists of which lymph nodes?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What are the names of the four bundles in the hand?
Radial, Ulnar, Mesothenar, and Descending
What are the names of the three forearm bundles?
Radial, Ulnar, and Medial
What are the names of the two upper arm territories?
Lateral and Medial
Where do the collectors of the lateral upper arm territory drain?
Axillary
Supraclavicular
Where do the collectors of the medial upper arm territory drain?
Axillary
Which upper arm territory do we utilize to help drain the arm in patients with Upper Extremity Lymphedema?
Lateral
What are the two bundles of the lower leg?
Ventromedial and Dorsolateral
To which lymph nodes does the ventromedial bundle drain?
Inguinal
To which lymph nodes does the dorsolateral bundle drain?
Popliteal
Which lymph nodes do the collectors in the anterior intercostals spaces drain to?
Parasternal
Which lymph nodes do the collectors in the posterior intercostals spaces drain to?
Paravertebral
Which part of the nervous system innervates the lymph collectors?
Sympathetic branch of the Autonomic Nervous System
The percentage of water that becomes Lymphatic Load is also known as
Net Filtrate
Initial lymph capillaries cover the entire body surface to form
The initial lymph vessel plexus
Initial lymph capillaries cover the entire body surface to form
Lymphangiomotoricity
Angions under normal physiological conditions usually contract how many times per minute?
10-12
On the trunk Territories are called
Quadrants
On the extremities territories are called
Bundles
Upper quadrants drain into which lymph nodes?
Axillary
Lower quadrants drain into which lymph nodes?
Inguinal
Lymph from above the upper horizontal watershed drains into which lymph nodes
Cervical
The majority of the lymph fluid in the body returns to where?
Left Venous Angle
the thoracic duct perforates the
Diaphragm
All of the collectors in the form converging and bottleneck at the
Anticubbital Fossa
Lymph vessels can be found anywhere in the body where there is vascularization with the exception of
Neither, there are no exceptions
Lymph capillaries are much denser where, therefore these areas usually don’t swell up
Palms of hands and soles of feet
An increase in lymphangiomotoricity is referred to as ___
Lymphatic Safety Factor
Describe the pathway of lymph once it leaves the deep inguinal lymph nodes via the efferent lymph vessels:
Pelvic Lymph Nodes -> Lumbar Lymph Nodes -> Lumbar Trunks -> Cisterna Chyli -> Thoracic Duct-> Left Venous Angle
