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ACOLS 2022 > Module 1 (Test 1) > Flashcards

Module 1 (Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. A body part is considered to have lymphedema when an abnormal accumulation of protein and water is present in the interstitial space due to a mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system?

A

True

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2
Q

True or False. Lymphatic fluid is rich in protein.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False. Lymphedema is usually unilateral and when it is bilateral, it is always asymmetrical.

A

False.

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4
Q

True or False. Lymphedema on extremities occurs usually bilaterally.

A

False.

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5
Q

True or False. The pain purpose of the lymphatic system is to drain those substances that cannot be drained or reabsorbed by the circulatory system and returns them to the blood.

A

True.

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6
Q

True or False. Proteins can be reabsorbed by the venous system because they are small enough to enter the membranes of the venous end of the capillaries.

A

False.

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7
Q

True or False. Lymph fluid contained in the lymphatics of the intestinal system appears “milky” because of the content of fat.

A

True.

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8
Q

True or False. Superficial lymphatic system is located above the fascia.

A

True.

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9
Q

True or False. The interstitial fluid becomes lymph when it enters the lymph nodes.

A

False.

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10
Q

True or False. The anatomy of the initial lymph vessel plexus is important to use as CLTs because it allows us to re-route lymph to healthy areas in any direction.

A

True.

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11
Q

True or False. Lymph nodes can regenerate.

A

False.

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12
Q

True or False. Lymph collectors/vessels can regenerate.

A

False.

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13
Q

True or False. Most of the axillary lymph nodes are located between the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles.

A

True.

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14
Q

True or False. The upper horizontal watershed separates the neck and shoulder territory from the territories of the arm and thorax.

A

True.

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15
Q

True or False. The lower horizontal watershed starts at the umbilicus and follows the caudal limitation of the rib cage to the vertebral column, at the level of T12.

A

True.

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16
Q

True or False. The sagittal watershed is located directly in the center/midline of the body, dividing the body into left and right.

A

True.

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17
Q

True or False. The gluteal watershed is located in the anterior thigh; beginning at the top of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), running down the back of the thigh, and ending at the popliteal fossa.

A

False.

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18
Q

True or False. Lymphatic territories are areas of the body that contain several collectors that drain towards opposite groups of regional lymph nodes.

A

False.

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19
Q

True or False. We utilize anastomoses during treatment, to re-route lymph fluid away from congested areas and towards healthy areas.

A

True.

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20
Q

True or False. The lymph fluid from the right lower quadrant and right lower extremity drain into the right venous angle.

A

False.

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21
Q

True or False. Deep breathing techniques are taught to patients in order to decrease the velocity of lymph flow through the thoracic duct.

A

False.

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22
Q

True or False. The jugular chain is the anterior limitation of the neck triangle, the supraclavicular chain is the posterior limitation of the triangle, and the accessory chain is the inferior limitation of the triangle.

A

False.

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23
Q

True or False. The SCM muscle forms the anterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

True.

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24
Q

True or False. The clavicle forms the posterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

False.

25
Q

True or False. The upper trapezius forms the inferior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

False.

26
Q

True or False. The three chains of the lateral cervical triangle drain into the left or right venous angle.

A

True.

27
Q

True or False. It is find to work the lateral territory on the upper arm area that is swollen due to removal of axillary lymph nodes because the lymph collectors also drain into the supraclavicular lymph nodes.

A

True.

28
Q

True or False. The collectors of the ventromedial bundle form a bottleneck behind the medial femoral condyle/medial aspect of the knee.

A

True.

29
Q

True or False. 75% of the lymph from the mammary gland drains into the parasternal lymph odes, and 25% drains into the axillary lymph nodes.

A

False.

30
Q

True or False. Before working on the swollen upper extremity, we need to decongest the trunk on the ipsilateral side.

A

False?

31
Q

True or False. External genitalia drain into the inguinal lymph nodes, and the internal reproductive organs drain into the pelvic lymph nodes.

A

True.

32
Q

True or False. Proteins are macromolecules and hydrophilic.

A

True.

33
Q

True or False. There are usually 300-450 grams of protein in the blood, at any given time.

A

True.

34
Q

True or False. Lymphedema usually manifests more in the deep lymphatic system.

A

False.

35
Q

True or False. The type of stimulation that activates contraction of the smooth muscles in the lymph collectors is a smooth, slow stretch.

A

True.

36
Q

True or False. The thoracic duct originates at the cisterna chyli.

A

True.

37
Q

What is edema?

A

An accumulation of water in the tissues.

38
Q

What are some common conditions that cause edema?

A
  • heart conditions
  • pregnancy
  • venous insufficiencies
39
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the US?

A

breast cancer surgery

40
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the world?

A

filiariasis

41
Q

What are the four main components of lymphatic load (LL)?

A
  • water
  • proteins
  • cells/cell fragments
  • long-chain fatty acids
42
Q

What represents the beginning of the lymphatic system?

A

lymph capillaries

43
Q

What percentage of water is reabsorbed from the interstitial tissues back into the blood capillaries, in a healthy body?

A

80-90%

44
Q

What percentage of water remains in the interstitial spaces (is not reabsorbed) and becomes lymphatic load of water?

A

10-20%

45
Q

How much lymph fluid is normally returned to the venous system in 24 hours?

A

2-4 liters

46
Q

What percentage of the total circulating blood proteins leave the capillaries and move into the interstitial space in 24 hours?

A

about 50%

47
Q

Where do proteins end up after leaving the blood capillaries?

A

interstitial space

48
Q

How do proteins get back into the blood?

A

through the lymphatic system

49
Q

What lymphatic structures filter lymph fluid?

A

lymph nodes

50
Q

Where does the fat portion of the LL come from?

A

chylous vessels of the small intestine

51
Q

Which structures comprise the superficial lymphatic system?

A
  • initial lymph capillaries
  • pre-collectors
  • lymph collectors
52
Q

Where is the deep lymphatic system located?

A

beneath the fascia

53
Q

What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system?

A
  • drains the muscles and tendons
  • drains the joints
  • drains the inner organs
54
Q

Which structures first pick up the LL and thus, begin the lymphatic system?

A

initial lymph capillaries

55
Q

What is the purpose of the initial lymph capillary?

A

lymph formation

56
Q

What is the purpose of lymph pre-collectors?

A

connect superficial capillaries to superficial collectors

57
Q

Where are the superficial collectors located?

A

in the superficial fatty tissue, above the fascia

58
Q

What is the purpose of collectors?

A

transport lymph to lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks

59
Q

What do perforating pre-collectors do?

A

connect the superficial and deep lymphatic system

ACOLS 2022 (1 decks)

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