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[SP 134] Speech Function and Development > Module 1: Suprasegentals and Segmentals > Flashcards

Module 1: Suprasegentals and Segmentals Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the unintentional or intentional process of receiving information from or giving to another person a piece of information relevant to the based on their own knowledge, perception, desires, and affective states.

A

Communication

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2
Q

It is the production of sounds and refers to the expression of thoughts through an organized system of sounds.

A

Speech

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3
Q

Is the complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used in various modes for thought and communication

A

Language

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4
Q

Name the 5 Parameters of Language.

Hint: P-S-M-S-P

A

Phonology, Semantics, Morphology, Syntax, Pragmatics

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5
Q

Differentiate the Parts of Speech:

  1. Articulation
  2. Voice
  3. Fluency
A
  1. Articulation - the production of speech sounds using articulators. It needs motor processes to plan and execute sequences to result in speech.
  2. Voice - the interaction of breath and the vocal tract to produce sounds, resulting in varying pitch and loudness.
  3. Fluency - the rhythm of speech.
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6
Q

The area where air from the lungs is shaped and constricted to create individual speech sounds.

A

Supra-laryngeal vocal tract

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7
Q

Why is velum considered a passive articulator?

A

It does not move. It merely acts as a valve to regulate airflow between the oral and nasal tract.

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8
Q

Phonetics is the study of s__ that emphasizes the description and classification of speech sounds according to their p___ , t___ , and p___ f___.

A

a. speech
b. production
c. transmission
d. perceptual features

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9
Q

What are speech sounds?

A

The physical sound realities or the end product of the articulatory processes.

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10
Q

This is described as the smallest linguistic unit that can establish word meanings and distinguish between them when combines with other such units. This is abstract.

A

Phonemes

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11
Q

Are variations of a phoneme.

A

Allophones

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12
Q

Open sounds + minimal constriction = ?

A

Vowels

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13
Q

What are the four parameters of vowels?

Hint: TA, TH, LR, ToL

A
  1. Tongue Advancement (Front, Central, Back)
  2. Tongue Height (High, Mid, Low)
  3. Lip Rounding
  4. Tense or Lax (tense - stressed)
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14
Q

Constricted sounds + partial/full constriction = ?

A

Consonants

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15
Q

What are the parameters of consonants?

Hint: O, M, V, P

A
  1. Organ of articulator
  2. Manner - type of articulation
  3. Voicing - voiced/unvoiced
  4. Placement
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16
Q

What are syllable shapes?

A

The structure of syllables within a word

17
Q

Peaks are the most intense portions of a syllable. More often than not, it is a ___ , but there are times where ___ are syllable peaks and are called s __.

A
  1. vowel
  2. consonant
  3. syllabics
18
Q

All segments prior to the peak, are syllable releasing sounds.

A

Onset

19
Q

All segments after the peak, are syllable arresting sounds.

A

Coda

20
Q

Differentiate the three branches of phonetics:

  1. Acoustic
  2. Articulatory
  3. Auditory
A
  1. Acoustic - transmission properties/acoustic speech characteristics. This includes the analysis and description of speech in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration.
  2. Articulatory - study of production features of speech sounds.
  3. Auditory - perception of speech sounds. Looks into how multiple factors can influence the production of speech.
21
Q

Is the sound system of language and the rules governing the spoken form. Its rules govern how phonological representation is transformed into actual pronunciation of the word.

Is the study of the systematic patterning and organization of speech sounds in a language.

A

Phonology

22
Q

Differentiate Linear and Non-Linear Phonology

A

Linear Phonology - speech segments are arranged in sequential order, there is no hierarchy.
Non-linear Phonology - account for the hierarchy of linguistic units.

23
Q 
/a/ = ?
[a] = ?
A

/a/ - phonemes

[a] - (allo)phones

24
Q

True or False: One phoneme can have different realizations or allophones.

A

TRUE.

25
Q

True or False. Allophones are in contrastive distribution and phonemes are in complementary distribution.

A

FALSE.

Phonemes are in contrastive distribution because they change the meaning of the word when they are changed while allophones are complementary because they do not.

26
Q

It is a test to show whether two sounds are allophones of the same phoneme or if they are from two different phonemes.

A

Minimal Pairs Test

27
Q

There are at least __ monophthongs and __ diphthongs.

A
  1. 14 monophthongs

2. 5 diphthongs

28
Q

Vowels are made with the __ as the primary articulator.

Consonants are made with a lot o articulators such as t, l, t, and p.

A
  1. tongue

2. teeth, lips, tongue, palate

29
Q

MANNER. Identify the following categories:

  1. Behave a lot like vowels, but cannot form the nucleus of a syllable
  2. A combination of a stop and a fricative
  3. Once the air opens the mouth, the air is stopped
  4. Forces air through a narrow channel of the vocal tract
  5. Produced by lowering the velum and sending the air up the nose

Choices: stop, nasal, fricatives, affricates, approximates

A
  1. approximates
  2. affricate
  3. stop
  4. fricatives
  5. nasal
30
Q

PLACEMENT. Identify the following categories.

  1. Top and bottom lip
  2. Lips and teeth
  3. Tongue and teeth by placing the tongue in between the top and bottom teeth
  4. The tip of the tongue is right behind out top teeth
  5. The middle of the tongue touches the palate
  6. Tongue touches the the velum
  7. Concerns the vocal folds

Choices: labiodental, inter/linguodental, palatal, bilabial, alveolar, velar, glottal

A
  1. bilabial
  2. labiodental
  3. inter/linguodental
  4. alveolar
  5. palatal
  6. velar
  7. glottal
31
Q

Most consonants come in voicing pairs called ___.

A

Cognates

32
Q

What are the three parts of the source-filter theory?

Hint: SS, FF, OES

A

source spectrum, filter function, output energy spectrum

33
Q

These can extend syllables, words, and are not necessarily limited to individual sounds.

A

Suprasegmentals

34
Q

SUPRASEGMENTALS.

  1. Pitch refers to the ___ or ___ of voice. A lower pitch is produced with ___ tense, ___ pressure, and ___ vibrations.
  2. When a tone is varied, the meaning is changed.
  3. Intonation is the melodic pattern of utterance where stress and rhythm play a role. Two types are ___ and ___. (Hint: TIC and NTIC)
  4. Refers to the type of stress that can determine the number of syllables per word.
  5. Stresses can differentiate a ___ and a ___.
  6. Refers to the manner in which sounds are joined or separated from each other.
  7. when the production is lax, the duration is __.
A
  1. highness, lowness, less, low, slow
  2. tone language
  3. terminal intonation contour, non-terminal intonation contour
  4. lexical stress
  5. verb and noun
  6. junction
  7. shorter

[SP 134] Speech Function and Development (1 decks)

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