Module 1: Suprasegentals and Segmentals

Question 1

It refers to the unintentional or intentional process of receiving information from or giving to another person a piece of information relevant to the based on their own knowledge, perception, desires, and affective states.

Answer 1

Communication

Question 2

It is the production of sounds and refers to the expression of thoughts through an organized system of sounds.

Answer 2

Speech

Question 3

Is the complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used in various modes for thought and communication

Answer 3

Language

Question 4

Name the 5 Parameters of Language.

Hint: P-S-M-S-P

Answer 4

Phonology, Semantics, Morphology, Syntax, Pragmatics

Question 5

Differentiate the Parts of Speech:

1. Articulation
2. Voice
3. Fluency

Answer 5

1. Articulation - the production of speech sounds using articulators. It needs motor processes to plan and execute sequences to result in speech.
2. Voice - the interaction of breath and the vocal tract to produce sounds, resulting in varying pitch and loudness.
3. Fluency - the rhythm of speech.

Question 6

The area where air from the lungs is shaped and constricted to create individual speech sounds.

Answer 6

Supra-laryngeal vocal tract

Question 7

Why is velum considered a passive articulator?

Answer 7

It does not move. It merely acts as a valve to regulate airflow between the oral and nasal tract.

Question 8

Phonetics is the study of s__ that emphasizes the description and classification of speech sounds according to their p___ , t___ , and p___ f___.

Answer 8

a. speech
b. production
c. transmission
d. perceptual features

Question 9

What are speech sounds?

Answer 9

The physical sound realities or the end product of the articulatory processes.

Question 10

This is described as the smallest linguistic unit that can establish word meanings and distinguish between them when combines with other such units. This is abstract.

Answer 10

Phonemes

Question 11

Are variations of a phoneme.

Answer 11

Allophones

Question 12

Open sounds + minimal constriction = ?

Answer 12

Vowels

Question 13

What are the four parameters of vowels?

Hint: TA, TH, LR, ToL

Answer 13

1. Tongue Advancement (Front, Central, Back)
2. Tongue Height (High, Mid, Low)
3. Lip Rounding
4. Tense or Lax (tense - stressed)

Question 14

Constricted sounds + partial/full constriction = ?

Answer 14

Consonants

Question 15

What are the parameters of consonants?

Hint: O, M, V, P

Answer 15

1. Organ of articulator
2. Manner - type of articulation
3. Voicing - voiced/unvoiced
4. Placement

Question 16

What are syllable shapes?

Answer 16

The structure of syllables within a word

Question 17

Peaks are the most intense portions of a syllable. More often than not, it is a ___ , but there are times where ___ are syllable peaks and are called s __.

Answer 17

1. vowel
2. consonant
3. syllabics

Question 18

All segments prior to the peak, are syllable releasing sounds.

Answer 18

Onset

Question 19

All segments after the peak, are syllable arresting sounds.

Answer 19

Coda

Question 20

Differentiate the three branches of phonetics:

1. Acoustic
2. Articulatory
3. Auditory

Answer 20

1. Acoustic - transmission properties/acoustic speech characteristics. This includes the analysis and description of speech in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration.
2. Articulatory - study of production features of speech sounds.
3. Auditory - perception of speech sounds. Looks into how multiple factors can influence the production of speech.

Question 21

Is the sound system of language and the rules governing the spoken form. Its rules govern how phonological representation is transformed into actual pronunciation of the word.

Is the study of the systematic patterning and organization of speech sounds in a language.

Answer 21

Phonology

Question 22

Differentiate Linear and Non-Linear Phonology

Answer 22

Linear Phonology - speech segments are arranged in sequential order, there is no hierarchy.
Non-linear Phonology - account for the hierarchy of linguistic units.

Question 23

/a/ = ?
[a] = ?

Answer 23

/a/ - phonemes

[a] - (allo)phones

Question 24

True or False: One phoneme can have different realizations or allophones.

Answer 24

TRUE.

Question 25

True or False. Allophones are in contrastive distribution and phonemes are in complementary distribution.

Answer 25

FALSE. Phonemes are in contrastive distribution because they change the meaning of the word when they are changed while allophones are complementary because they do not.

Question 26

It is a test to show whether two sounds are allophones of the same phoneme or if they are from two different phonemes.

Answer 26

Minimal Pairs Test

Question 27

There are at least __ monophthongs and __ diphthongs.

Answer 27

1. 14 monophthongs | 2. 5 diphthongs

Question 28

Vowels are made with the __ as the primary articulator. Consonants are made with a lot o articulators such as t, l, t, and p.

Answer 28

1. tongue | 2. teeth, lips, tongue, palate

Question 29

MANNER. Identify the following categories: 1. Behave a lot like vowels, but cannot form the nucleus of a syllable 2. A combination of a stop and a fricative 3. Once the air opens the mouth, the air is stopped 4. Forces air through a narrow channel of the vocal tract 5. Produced by lowering the velum and sending the air up the nose Choices: stop, nasal, fricatives, affricates, approximates

Answer 29

1. approximates 2. affricate 3. stop 4. fricatives 5. nasal

Question 30

PLACEMENT. Identify the following categories. 1. Top and bottom lip 2. Lips and teeth 3. Tongue and teeth by placing the tongue in between the top and bottom teeth 4. The tip of the tongue is right behind out top teeth 5. The middle of the tongue touches the palate 6. Tongue touches the the velum 7. Concerns the vocal folds Choices: labiodental, inter/linguodental, palatal, bilabial, alveolar, velar, glottal

Answer 30

1. bilabial 2. labiodental 3. inter/linguodental 4. alveolar 5. palatal 6. velar 7. glottal

Question 31

Most consonants come in voicing pairs called ___.

Answer 31

Cognates

Question 32

What are the three parts of the source-filter theory? | Hint: SS, FF, OES

Answer 32

source spectrum, filter function, output energy spectrum

Question 33

These can extend syllables, words, and are not necessarily limited to individual sounds.

Answer 33

Suprasegmentals

Question 34

SUPRASEGMENTALS. 1. Pitch refers to the ___ or ___ of voice. A lower pitch is produced with ___ tense, ___ pressure, and ___ vibrations. 2. When a tone is varied, the meaning is changed. 3. Intonation is the melodic pattern of utterance where stress and rhythm play a role. Two types are ___ and ___. (Hint: TIC and NTIC) 4. Refers to the type of stress that can determine the number of syllables per word. 5. Stresses can differentiate a ___ and a ___. 6. Refers to the manner in which sounds are joined or separated from each other. 7. when the production is lax, the duration is __.

Answer 34

1. highness, lowness, less, low, slow 2. tone language 3. terminal intonation contour, non-terminal intonation contour 4. lexical stress 5. verb and noun 6. junction 7. shorter