Module 1: Structure and Function of Water

Question 1

Covalent bond

Answer 1

Shared electron pair between atoms

Question 2

Hydrogen bond

Answer 2

Weaker than a covalent bond, in hydrogens in a polar covalent bond, causes hydrogens to be positive and attract to negative charges

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

The watery “goo” inside cells

Question 4

Solvent

Answer 4

Substance that can dissolve molecules and other compounds

Question 5

Solute

Answer 5

The item that is dissolved

Question 6

Solution

Answer 6

Homogenous mixture of solvent and solute

Question 7

Aqueous solution

Answer 7

Solution with water as the solvent

Question 8

Ionic bond

Answer 8

Two oppositely charged ions attract each other

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

Group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative charges

Question 10

Polar molecule

Answer 10

Neutral or uncharged molecule

Question 11

Nonpolar molecule

Answer 11

Charged molecule

Question 12

Electrostatic interactions

Answer 12

Charge-based interactions

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

Measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

Attraction of molecules to other molecules of the same kind

Question 15

Surface tension

Answer 15

Tendency of liquid to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress

Question 16

Adhesion

Answer 16

Attraction of molecules to a different kind of molecule

Question 17

Capillary action

Answer 17

Water climbing upwards through a thin tube against gravity

Question 18

Meniscus

Answer 18

Lowest point of a liquid in a tube

Question 19

Specific heat capacity

Answer 19

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Question 20

Calorie

Answer 20

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 21

Heat of vaporization

Answer 21

Amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to gas at a constant temperature

Question 22

Evaporative cooling

Answer 22

The surface water molecules evaporate from tends to get cooler because the highest kinetic energy molecules are vaporized

Question 23

Hydrophilic

Answer 23

Charged or polar substance that dissolves in water

Question 24

Hydrophobic

Answer 24

Nonpolar substance that does not dissolve in water

Question 25

Cation

Answer 25

Positively charged ion

Question 26

Anion

Answer 26

Negatively charged ion

Question 27

Density

Answer 27

Mass per unit volume of a substance