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WGST 201.3 > Module 1 Sex & Gender > Flashcards

Module 1 Sex & Gender Flashcards

1
Q

Sex

A

refers to biological make-up that determines “male” or “female (ex. chromosomal, hormonal, anatomical characteristics)

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2
Q

Gender

A

refers to social behaviors that mark us as the social constructs of masculine or feminine

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3
Q

Sexuality

A

the ways we deploy our genital autonomy, in accordance with gender roles we observe or resist

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4
Q

Sexuality Scripts

A

defines how, where, with whom and under what conditions one is to behave as a sexual being

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5
Q

Heterosexism

A

used to describe discrimination on the basis of sexuality, rather than homophobia

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6
Q

Social construction of Sexuality

A

how cultures make their own restrictions on sexuality

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7
Q

Performing Gender Roles

A

is constantly subjected to evaluation and because performances sustain the heteronormative social order; consequences for those who do not perform as expected

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8
Q

Rules about Sex

A

-(only) 2 sexes
-mutually exclusive categories
-predicts your gender
-predicts sexuality (presumed heterosexual)
-natural, incontestable facts

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9
Q

Rules of Gender

A

-recognized as gendered differences
-socially constructed
-predict what we ‘do’ in specific times, places, and relationships which make gender ‘real’
-reinforced by social interactions with others and institutions
-Intersects race, class, ability, and sexuality

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10
Q

Servers the needs of the powerful

A

Sexuality Scripts

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11
Q

Society vs Culture

A

People vs What People Create

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12
Q

Popular Culture (Mass Culture)

A

is created for and/or by the masses of ordinary people in society (ex. porn, paintings, novels, ads)

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13
Q

Women’s Studies

A

Primary focus of class; focuses on resisting/dismantling the idea of females as producers of humans and men as the producers of art and culture.

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14
Q

Patriarchy (Rule of Fathers)

A

Idea that not all men are fathers but only men can be fathers meaning women, who are unable to be father, cannot rule

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15
Q

Media Studies

A

the study of information and entertainment communications

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16
Q

Pop Culture

A

Globally, mainstream pop culture is AMERICAN and is primarily VISUAL and exclusively middle-class, white, male, hetero point of view

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17
Q

Monoculture of Pop Culture

A

the imagery and view of the working class, race, female, gay, and other characteristics are framed almost exclusively from the white, male, heterosexual viewpoint.

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18
Q

Pop Culture Simultaneousness

A

denies the heterosexual viewpoint while reinforcing it.

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19
Q

Eating chocolate without getting fat

A

Consuming Pop Culture without ingesting Patriarchal Ideology

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20
Q

Interpreting Pop Culture

A

No one true interpretation however there are plenty of false ones

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21
Q

5 Important Scientific Discoveries of Gender

A
  1. Link Between Feminine/Nature/Machine
  2. Two Sexes
  3. 5 Biological Races
  4. 4 Categories of Culture
  5. 2 Sexualities
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22
Q

Binary Thought

A

Hierarchical; item on left of / is more superior to the item on the right (ex. CULTURE/nature)

23
Q

Link between Feminine/Nature/Machine

A

During Renaissance, Mother Earth was thought of as mysterious/powerful figure of benevolence and destructiveness but needed a masculine touch. Mother Nature became mother of nature and Earth became the machine of man.

24
Q

Two sexes

A

In 1670s, the microscope allowed for two distinct entities of sperm and ovum. Women were seen as disformed versions of men and therefore lesser and this discovery made the MALE/female binary scientific “fact”.

25
Q

5 Biological Races

A

In 1775, Friedrich Blumenbach made five races into 3 ranks making WHITE/non-white binary a scientific “fact”:
Caucasian
Amerasian/Malaysian
African/Oriental

26
Q

4 categories of culture

A

In 19th century, the new discipline of anthropology pinned 4 categories of primitivism: civilized, peasant, barbarian, savage. Whites being civilized and non-whites being barbarians and savages

27
Q

2 Sexualities

A

In 1869, Karl Maria Kertbeney invented the HETEROSEXUAL/homosexual binary as there was nothing as sexual identity before. Bisexual was invented later for inbetweeners.

28
Q

SEX/gender

A

men are seen as superior to women with ‘objective evidence’ being made to prove it. Sex is given to you by nature and gender is learned through culture.

29
Q

MASCULANITY/femininity

A

are cultural constructs and reinforced through heteronormative thoughts.
Feminine = weak and inferior
Masculine = strong and superior

30
Q

Myth

A

a combination of symbols, held together by a narrative, which embodies an all-encompassing conception of reality (the world view) of a group.

31
Q

Cultural Myths

A

stories by which we live our lives and stereotypes are the heroes of these stories. They are reproduced consciously/unconsciously by modeling said behaviors.

32
Q

THEORY/myth

A

Theory=True and Myth=False making myth powerless as Theory is backed by science and Myth by religion and literature

33
Q

Theory of Life

A

external evidence found in nature (Darwin)

34
Q

Myth of Life

A

internal evidence from the heart (Bible)

35
Q

Biological Determinism

A

if you’re male, you’re this; if you’re female, you’re this. MALE/female binary based on “pre-known” knowledge that women are inferior.

36
Q

Metaphysical Realm

A

-real
-realm of truth
-realm of ideal forms
-abstract/non-material
-external/unchanging
-transcendental
-rational/objective
-Masculine/Elite Male

37
Q

Physical Realm

A

-unreal
-realm of experience
-realm of opinion
-realm of actual
-concrete/material
-temporary/time-bound
-changing/dying/decaying
-non-transcendental
-irrational/subjective
-Feminine/Female

38
Q

CULTURE/nature

A

belief that CULTURE/nature are two separate categories (assumption of Western) that oppose each other (assumption of philosophical dualism) and that culture is better than nature (assumption of patriarchy)

39
Q

Semiotics

A

The study of the use of symbolic communication. Can include signs, logos, gestures and other linguistic and nonlinguistic communication methods

40
Q

Signifier

A

a sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning.

41
Q

Signified

A

the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed.

42
Q

Sign

A

is a recognizable combination of a signifier with a particular signified.

43
Q

Post-structuralism (1960s)

A

looks at multiple meanings between signified and signifier allowing none to take priority.

44
Q

Naturalization

A

the making of a myth

45
Q

referent

A

something that refers or is referred to

46
Q

denotation

A

literal meaning

47
Q

connotation

A

signified meaning

48
Q

polysemic

A

multiple meanings

49
Q

Mise-en-scene

A

everything in scene

50
Q

Sound

A

sound effects, music

51
Q

Camera Work

A

composition, movement

52
Q

Editing

A

sequencing

53
Q

Insectionality

A

critical feminist methodology employed during course; argues that there is a need to systematically analyze the ways that gender/race/economic status/sexuality/ability to reinforce each other.

54
Q

Intersectionality

A

critical feminist methodology employed during course; argues that there is a need to systematically analyze the ways that gender/race/economic status/sexuality/ability to reinforce each other.

WGST 201.3 (6 decks)

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