Module 1: Respiratory; Chapter 20: Management of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Question 1

Flutter Valve

Answer 1

Portable handheld mucous clearance device; consisting of a tube with an oscillating steel ball inside; upon expiration, high-frequency oscillations facilitate mucous expectoration.

Question 2

Polycythemia

Answer 2

Increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood; in COPD, the body attempts to improve oxygen-carrying capacity by producing increasing amounts of red blood cells.

Question 3

Spirometry

Answer 3

Pulmonary function tests that measure specific lung volumes (FEV1, FVC) and rates (FEF 25-75%); may be measured before and after bronchodilator administration.

Question 4

Air Trapping

Answer 4

Incomplete emptying of alveoli during expiration due to loss of lung tissue elasticity (emphysema), bronchospasm (asthma), or airway obstruction.

Question 5

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

Answer 5

Genetic disorder resulting from deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin; a protective agent for the lung; increases patient’s risk for developing panacinar emphysema even in the absence of smoking.

Question 6

Asthma

Answer 6

A heterogenous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation; defined by history of symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough that vary over time and in intensity.

Question 7

Bronchiectasis

Answer 7

Chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles that results from the destruction of muscles and elastic connective tissue; dilated airways become saccular and are a medium for chronic infection.

Question 8

Chest Percussion

Answer 8

Manually cupping hands over the chest wall and using vibration to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs.

Question 9

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

Answer 9

Therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration, and breathing retraining.

Question 10

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 10

A disease of the airways defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years.

Question 11

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 11

Disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible; sometimes referred to as chronic airway obstruction or chronic obstructive lung disease.

Question 12

Desaturate

Answer 12

A precipitous drop in the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.

Question 13

Dry-Powder inhaler (DPI)

Answer 13

A compact, portable inspiratory flow-driven inhaler that delivers dry-powder medications into the patient’s lungs.

Question 14

Emphysema

Answer 14

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.

Question 15

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2)

Answer 15

Concentration of oxygen delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen).

Question 16

Hypoxemia

Answer 16

Decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood.

Question 17

Hypoxia

Answer 17

Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells.

Question 18

Postural Drainage

Answer 18

Positioning the patient to allow drainage from all lobes of the lungs and airways.

Question 19

Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI)

Answer 19

A compact, portable patient-activated pressurized medication canister that provides aerosolized medication that the patient inhales into the lungs.

Question 20

Small-Volume Nebulizer (SVN)

Answer 20

A handheld generator-driven medication delivery system that provides aerosolized liquid medication that the patient inhales into the lungs.

Question 21

Vibration

Answer 21

A type of massage given by quickly tapping the chest with the fingertips or alternating the fingers in a rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions.