module 1: Relational Practice and Patient-Centred Care Flashcards
How do nurses provide patient-centered care?
healthcare providers identify respect, and care about patient differences, values, preferences, and expressed needs; relieve pain and suffering; coordinate continuous care; listen to and continuously advocate disease prevention.
How did Hobbs define PCC?
a complex phenomenon involving various interactions of the patient, the nurse, and the environment.
How did McCormack et al define PCC?
includes professional characteristics of competence, and knowing one’s values and biases when providing nursing care
Is PCC limited to nursing practice?
no
What are the attributes of PCC?
o Shared power and patient autonomy – leading to shared decision making (SDM)
o Caring
o Relationship development
o Respect for patient
o Understanding patient’s lived experience
o Individualized patient care
o Communication and listening
What are the 3 critical attributes of PCC?
o Encouraging patient autonomy
o Caring attitude of the nurse
o Individualizing patient care by the nurse
How is PCC and power interrelated?
· Power is integral to PCC
· Power refers to the dominance of one over another
· The shift of power is relative to the amount of patient autonomy
· As power is shared and the patient’s ability to control the care increases, patient autonomy is enhanced
What are the two antecedents to the concept PCC?
- The need for healthcare intervention
2. The ability of the patient to participate in his or her care
What is therapeutic relationship defined as?
A professional, interpersonal alliance in which the nurse and client join together for a defined period to achieve health-related treatment goals
What are the 3 goals of Therapeutic relationship?
o Provide emotional and informational support
o Assist clients to cope
o Connect clients and families with other members of the collaborative health care team
How does trauma perpetuate trauma?
Further research on debriefing
· Organizational paradigm shift
· Push TIC understanding beyond the borders of mental health nursing
· Peplau advocated safety and security for the patient through therapeutic relationship by attending to the patient’s needs, and not simply to their actions and behaviours
What are the 5 different types of trauma in the TIP guide?
single incident trauma complex or repetitive trauma Developmental trauma Intergenerational Trauma Historical trauma
What is single incident trauma?
Single incident trauma is related to an unexpected and overwhelming event such
as an accident, natural disaster, a single episode of abuse or assault, sudden loss,
or witnessing violence.
What is complex or repetitive trauma?
Complex or repetitive trauma is related to ongoing abuse, domestic violence, war, ongoing betrayal, often involving being trapped emotionally and/or
physically.
What is developmental trauma?
Developmental trauma results from exposure to early ongoing or repetitive trauma (as infants, children and youth) involving neglect, abandonment,
physical abuse or assault, sexual abuse or assault, emotional abuse, witnessing
violence or death, and/or coercion or betrayal. This often occurs within the child’s care giving system and interferes with healthy attachment and
development.
What is intergenerational trauma?
Intergenerational trauma describes the psychological or emotional effects that can be experienced by people who live with trauma survivors. Coping and
adaptation patterns developed in response to trauma can be passed from one
generation to the next [11].
What is historical trauma?
Historical trauma is a cumulative emotional and psychological wounding
over the lifespan and across generations emanating from massive group
trauma. These collective traumas are inflicted by a subjugating, dominant
population. Examples of historical trauma include genocide, colonialism (for
example, Indian hospitals and residential schools), slavery and war [12, 13].
Intergenerational trauma is an aspect of historical trauma.
What is PTSD and what are the three clusters of symptoms associated with it?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one type of mental health disorder that
- intrusive recollections,
- avoidant/numbing symptoms
- hyper-arousal symptoms
Who conceptualized stress as a response to changing environmental conditions and what was it later named?
Walter Cannon and Hans Selye
- later dubbed the fight or flight response, remains a key concept in discussions of stress.
- the perception of a stressor triggers an automatic, total-body response.
How was Cannon’s and Selye’s theory critized?
o He was criticized that stress is a nonspecific response to diverse environmental stimuli, and that neuroendocrine responses are not general at all but very specific.
o The conceptualization of stress solely as a response was also challenged for its circular reasoning (ie, an event is stressful because it effects stress response).
How was stress as a stimulus conceptualized?
That life changes or events were the stimuli (ie stressors) that evoke the stress response.
