Module 1: Quizzes Flashcards
The establishment of the anterior-posterior or dorsal-ventral body axes is called:
Division
Pattern formation
Morphogenesis
Differentiation
Pattern Formation
T or F: Embryonic cells have the greater cell potency than differentiated muscle cells.
True
False
True
A morphogen is:
a cell or group of cells that signal other cells to become determined in a specific way.
a gene that causes a cell or group of cells to adopt a particular shape.
a signaling molecule that causes the differentiation of neighboring cells.
a signaling molecule that causes the differentiation of neighboring cells.
T or F: During Drosophila gastrulation ~15 cells at posterior are set aside to eventually become pole cells (germ cells).
True
False
False
T or F: In arthropods, the main nerve cord (nervous tissue) lies ventrally rather than dorsally.
True
False
True
Fill in the blank: Posterior group mutations such as (______) cause the loss of abdominal regions, leading to a smaller larva.
nanos
Identify the name of the embryonic stage at which proteins can freely diffuse through the insect embryo and enter nuclei.
Syncytial blastoderm
Fill in the blank: During gastrulation in the fly embryo, cells located at the anterior and posterior ends invaginate and become (________) cells.
Endoderm
Why is Drosophila a suitable species for genetic screens? Because
A) their life cycle is short and simpler.
B) they are small and it is easy to keep in the laboratory.
C) they are inexpensive to maintain in the laboratory.
D) a, b and c
D) a, b and c
Which term is not associated with a Drosophila larva?
A) Instar
B) Metamorphosis
C) Denticles
D) Imaginal discs
Metamorphosis
The acron and telson of a Drosophila embryo are specified by the localized activation of
a tyrosine kinase receptor, known as (_________).
Torso
T or F: Nanos suppresses translation of the maternal messenger RNA called bicoid.
True
False
False
T or F: Both caudal and hunchback mRNA are expressed uniformly throughout the egg.
True
False
True
When do you expect Bicoid to function as a morphogen in Drosophila embryos?
a. in oocytes
b. in syncytial blastoderm stage
c. in cellular blastoderm
d. a and b
e. a, b and c
b. in syncytial blastoderm stage
Describe what would happen to hunchback mRNA in a bicoid (-/-) mutant animal.
a) No maternal hb expression
b) No zygotic hb expression
c) No maternal and no zygotic hb expression
d) No change
b) No zygotic hb expression
All segment polarity genes are expressed permanently during embryogenesis.
True
False
False
The eve stripe2 enhancer is active in parasegment 2.
True
False
False
What class of patterning genes are expressed within seven transverse stripes in the Drosophila embryo?
Maternal effect genes
Gap genes
Pair-rule genes
Segment polarity genes
Pair-rule gene
The eve stripe 2 enhancer is approximately 100 bp in length.
True
False
False
Stripe 2 module of eve is not active in the stripe 1 area. This is because:
Hunchback is absent in the stripe 1 region
Bicoid is present in the stripe 1 region
Giant is expressed in the stripe 1 region
A and B
Giant is expressed in the stripe 1 region
During dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo, (_____) cells provide a ventral signal.
Follicle
Nuclei that lack dorsal protein express dorsal specific genes such as decapentaplegic (dpp).
True
False
True
Synthesis of dorsal protein is dependent on cactus.
True
False
False
A gain-of-function mutation of sog results in embryos lacking amnioserosa.
True
False
True
Cytoplasmic Dorsal protein is found only in the ventral part of the embryo.
True
False
False
A Spätzle loss-of-function mutation will abolish the development of ventral structures in Drosophila
True
False
True
Spätzle ligand is found in the previtelline space between the plasma membrane and the vitelline membrane.
True
False
True
Both Dpp and Sog are morphogens.
True
False
False
The dorsal-ventral axis specification in Drosophila embryos is completely independent of anterior-posterior axis specification.
True
False
True
What is the correct dorso-ventral arrangement seen in a cross-section of Drosophila embryo?
A) Amnioserosa, mesoderm, dorsal ectoderm, ventral ectoderm
B) Dorsal ectoderm, mesoderm, ventral ectoderm, amnioserosa
C) Amnioserosa, dorsal ectoderm, ventral ectoderm, mesoderm
D) Mesoderm, dorsal ectoderm, amnioserosa, ventral ectoderm
C) Amnioserosa, dorsal ectoderm, ventral ectoderm, mesoderm
Describe the function of RNA Pol II
