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Year 11 Chemistry > Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter > Flashcards

Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances

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2
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A
  • Two or more substances that are mixed together but remain physically separate
  • Has a composition which varies within the mixture
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3
Q

What are some examples of heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Dirt+water
Oil+water

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4
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A
  • Two or more substances that are mixed together but merge into a uniform phase
  • Has a uniform composition within the mixture
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5
Q

What are some examples of homogeneous mixtures?

A

Salt+water

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6
Q

What are the six main physical properties used to seperate mixtures?

A

Magnetism
Solubility
Density
Boiling point
Melting point
Particle size

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7
Q

What are elements?

A

Elements are made of just one type of atom

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8
Q

What are compounds?

A

Compounds contain different types of atoms chemically bonded together in definite proportions

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9
Q

What is the solvent?

A

It is the substance which dissolves in the solute

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10
Q

What is the solute?

A

It is what the solvent is dissolved in

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11
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, with visible distinguishable parts, that forms when a substance does not dissolve significantly

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12
Q

What are some examples of suspensions?

A

Chalk in water
Red blood cells in plasma

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13
Q

What is a colloid?

A

It is a mixture of particles that consists of smaller clusters of ions or molecules these molecules do not settle over time

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14
Q

What are some examples of colloids?

A

Milk
Mayonnaise

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15
Q

What is sublimation?

A

It is the change of state from solid to directly gas

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16
Q

What is deposition?

A

It is the change of state from gas to directly solid

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17
Q

What are the three main parts to the particle model?

A
  1. Matter is made up of particles that cannot be made smaller by either compression or further division
  2. The particles are in constant motion and are attracted to one another, weakly and strongly
  3. The particles are not necessarily atoms
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18
Q

What can’t the particle matter explain?

A

The model does not include a measure of forces between the particles therefore, the temperature at which a material changes state cannot be predicted

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19
Q

What property is used in filtration?

A

Particle size (solid in liquid)

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20
Q

What is the filtrate?

A

The liquid that has been filtered out during filtration

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21
Q

What is the residue?

A

It is the solid which is left on the filter paper after filtration

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22
Q

What is a volatile liquid?

A

A liquid that easily becomes a vapour is called volatile

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23
Q

What is the property used in distillation?

A

Boiling temperature

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24
Q

When is distillation used?

A

To seperate two liquids with at least 50 degrees difference in their boiling points

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25
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

It is similar to distillation but their a small glass beads which mean that liquids with similar boiling points can be separated

26
Q

What property is used in evaporation?

A

Boiling temperature

27
Q

When is evaporation used?

A

When separating a solution with a solid dissolved in it

28
Q

What are some characteristics of metal?

A

Lustrous
Malleable
Ductile
High melting/boiling points
Good conductors of electricity and heat

29
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a physical mixture of a metal with a small amount of some other element

30
Q

What are some characteristics of non-metals?

A

Not malleable
Not ductile
Dull in colour
Lower in melting/boiling points
Poor conductors of electricity and heat

31
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and non-metallic properties

32
Q

What are chemical properties of elements?

A

Chemical properties relate to how easily an element undergoes chemical change

33
Q

What are physical properties of elements?

A

Physical properties describe features that can be observed or measured

34
Q

What are the periods on the periodic table?

A

The horizontal rows

35
Q

What are the groups on the periodic table?

A

The vertical columns

36
Q

What is electrostatic attraction?

A

Negative particles attract positive particles

37
Q

How do you calculate the neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

38
Q

What is an isotope?

A

They are atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

39
Q

What are radioisotopes?

A

Isotopes which are radioactive

40
Q

What type of radiation can be released during particle decay?

A

Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma radiation

41
Q

What are alpha particles?

A

They are two protons and two neutrons which is a helium nucleus

42
Q

When are alpha particles emitted?

A

When the nuclei has too few neutrons to be stable

43
Q

What are the characteristics of alpha particles?

A

Low energy
Travels no further than a few centimetres
Can be stopped by a sheet of paper

44
Q

What are beta particles?

A

A neutron is converted to a proton so the atomic number of the element increases by one

45
Q

When are beta particles emitted?

A

When the nuclei has too many neutrons to be stable

46
Q

What are the characteristics of beta particles?

A

High energy
More penetrating power that alpha particles
Can be stopped by aluminium plate several cm thick

47
Q

What are the characteristics of gamma radiation?

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation
Great penetration power
Can only be stopped by thick lead

48
Q

What is the standard to which all masses are compared to?

A

Carbon 12
Which is given the mass of exactly 12

49
Q

What is the flame test?

A

It is a simple method that can be used to determine the identity of a metal sample

50
Q

How does the flame test work?

A

When the metal atoms are heated, they give off light of a characteristic colour

51
Q

How can an emission spectra be used?

A

Each emission spectrum is unique for a particular element and can be used to identify the elements present

52
Q

What is ionisation energy?

A

It is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

53
Q

What is the electron configuration?

A

It is the simple way of showing the electron configuration

ie. Oxygene: 2,6

54
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The electrons in the outer shell

55
Q

What is the formula for how many electrons a shell can hold?

A

2n^2
n - shell number

56
Q

What is the Bohr Model?

A

Electrons are viewed as tiny, hard particles that revolve around the nucleus in circular orbits

57
Q

What are dispersion forces?

A

The forces of attraction between non-polar molecules. Is the weakest type of force.

58
Q

What are dipole dipole forces?

A

Only occur in polar molecules and is relatively weak

59
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Is a special form of dipole–dipole force which only occurs between molecules in which a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen, a nitrogen or a fluorine atom

60
Q

When is coloured light produced in an emission spectra?

A

When electrons move from higher to lower energy levels

Year 11 Chemistry (2 decks)

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