Module 1: Phlebotomy Fundamentals Flashcards
considerations when performing phlebotomy
- collect only the amount necessary for testing
- learn factors that affect blood clotting
- communicate professionally and therapeutically
- verify each pts identity
- use accurate labeling
- explore pts history
- how to deal with challenges to communication
- infection control
phlebotomist
professional who uses needles to puncture veins to collect blood for lab testing
what are lab results used for
- the basis for treatments and care
- assist in diagnosis
- detect problems
- determine if treatment is working
- monitor pts over time
- show need for further testing or treatment
things a phlebotomist does
- collect blood specimens
- collect nonblood specimens: urine, semen, etc.
- point of care testing: glucose levels at bedside
- transport specimens
- clerical duties
desired traits of phlebotomist
- professionalism
- respect for pt and coworkers by adhering to policies
- good listener and communicator
- compassion
- keep the workplace clean and organized
- growth
personal hygiene for phlebotomist
- no perfume or other scented things that could trigger allergic reactions, nausea, or migraines
- use deodorant
- conservative grooming
- avoid excessive piercings and tattoos
- minimal makeup
service
- shift focus from self to those you serve
- commitment to exemplary performance
- demonstrate quality, accuracy, and efficiency
- keep focus on pt
growth
- expanding professional knowledge
- seek continuing education opportunities
ethical standard
- do no harm
- respect pt rights
- use skills to the best ability
- ensure the accuracy of specimen collection
heart
- pump at the center of the cardiovascular system
- hollow, conical, muscular organ
roughly how big is the heart
size of pts fist
where is the heart located
- center of the chest
- vertically between second and sixth ribs
- more of it just to the left of the sternum
pericardium
membrane that surrounds the heart and attached blood vessels
layers of the heart in order (outermost to innermost)
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
order of blood flow
- superior and inferior vena cava
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary artery
- TO THE LUNGS
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid (mitral) valve
- left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
- aorta
how many heartbeats is one cardiac cycle
1 beat
range for most adults heartbeat
60 to 80 bpm
cardiac cycle
- pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs where it is reoxygenated and exchanges CO2 for O2
- oxygenated blood returns to heart and it pumped to arteries to supply body tissues with oxygen
the command center of the cardiovascular system
- medulla of the brain
- sends messages to the sinoatrial (SA) node
conduction system of the heart
- SA node
- AV node
- bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
when is the electrical signal of the heart transmitted to the bundle of His
following atrial contraction
what do the Purkinje fibers trigger
ventricular contraction
why does the AV node pause
to let blood empty from the atria
vascular structures
- arteries: branching into arterioles and capillaries
- veins: branching in venules and capillaries
what do arteries carry and which artery is the exception
- oxygenated blood to the body
- pulmonary arteries: carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
where do coronary arteries supply blood to
heart muscle
where do femoral arteries supply blood to
lower extremities
what do veins carry and which vein is the exception
- deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
- pulmonary veins: carry reoxygenated blood back from heart to lungs
where do the jugular veins return blood from
from head and neck to the heart
where do the saphenous veins return blood from
from the lower extremities to the heart
capillaries
- permeable
- exchange vessels
- where O2 and nutrients move into body cells and CO2 moves in capillary
what processes facilitate the exchange of O2 and CO2 in capillaries
- osmosis: diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
- diffusion: movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- filtration: separating substances by forcing them through a membrane
what does blood carry to body tissues
- nourishment, vitamins, electrolytes, hormones, antibodies, warmth, oxygen
what does blood transport to excretory organs
- cell wastes
- carbon dioxide
how much blood do adults have in circulation
4 to 6 liters
% of plasma in blood
55% to 50%
components of plasma with percentages
- water: 92%
- mix of proteins, glucose, fibrinogen: 8%
% of RBC, WBC, and platelets in blood
40% to 45%
hemoglobin
- in RBC
- iron-containing protein
- carries O2
- gives blood the red color
are RBC flexible or inflexible
- flexible
- can easily pass through circulatory system
how long do RBC circulate in bloodstream
120 days
what replaces RBCs
bone marrow
types of WBCs
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
- granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
function of WBC
- defend body against infection
- destroy pathogens and produce antibodies
platelets
- necessary for clotting
- stick to lining of blood vessels
what determines blood type
presence or absence of the A and B antigens
type A blood has which antigen
A antigen
type B blood has which antigen
B antigen
type AB blood has which antigen
both A and B antigens
type O blood has which antigen
neither antigen
type A plasma has which antibodies
anti-B antibodies
type B plasma has which antibodies
anti-A antibodies
type AB plasma has which antibodies
no antibodies
type O plasma has which antibodies
both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Rh-negative can donate to
- Rh-positive
- Rh-negative
Rh-positive can donate to
- Rh-positive
Rh-negative can receive
- Rh-negative
Rh-positive can receive
- Rh-positive
- Rh-negative