MODULE 1 PART 3: The Nature of Inquiry: An Introduction to Quantitative Research (The Variables)

Question 1

quantitative research involves what?

Answer 1

• Measuring observable traits of people, communities, population and others. These observable traits can be called as variables.

Question 2

Variables serve as a foundation for what?

Answer 2

• gathering, organizing, presenting, and studying data in quantitative research (Torneo & Clamor-Torneo, 2017).

Question 3

All researches have at least two (2) types of variables: the ____ variable and the ___ variable.

Answer 3

• independent, dependent

Question 4

Also known as input variable is the probable cause of an occurrence. It does not easily change. It is the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher so s/he may know if altering it would change the dependent variable or at least give off minute reactions.

Answer 4

• Independent variable

Question 5

Also known as the outcome variable.It is affected by the independent variables and changes due to the manipulation and alteration of the independent variable.

Answer 5

• Dependent variable

Question 6

Variables are ____

Answer 6

• measurable

Question 7

In statistical data, there are two (2) types of variable. What are those?

Answer 7

• Categorical Variable
• Numerical Variable

Question 8

In Categorical variable, there are two subvariables. What are those?

Answer 8

• Nominal variables
• Ordinal variables

Question 9

In Numerical variable, there are two subvariables. What are those?

Answer 9

• Interval variables
• Ratio variables

Question 10

classifies individuals, objects, or responses based on the common characteristic though it is limited to descriptive categories. Nominal variables cannot be ranked because these are limited to descriptive categories, though we may count the frequencies. Examples of nominal variables are gender, religion, and others.

Answer 10

• nominal variables

Question 11

it has a characteristics of nominal variables but ranked in a certain order. Examples of which are social status (Class A, Class B, Class C), Contest results (Champion, 1st runner-up, 2nd runner-up), degrees of weather anomalies and earthquakes which are used by government agencies like the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHILVOLCS (Signal no.1, Signal no. 2, magnitude 6, magnitude 8).

Answer 11

• ordinal variables

Question 12

– numerical variables that are rank-ordered, with values in ranges. Examples are age, measurements like temperature and others.

Answer 12

• interval variables

Question 13

has the characteristics of the other three (3) variables. They are based on a fixed beginning point which is called a “true zero (0) point”, where the value of zero (0)
does not exist. Examples are family income, voter registration for 2000, 2004, and 2008, number of students per classroom, and others.

Answer 13

• ratio variables