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MedSurg (Nursing Praxis IV) > Module 1: Pain > Flashcards

Module 1: Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of pain

A
  • unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
  • whatever the person says it is (subjective)
  • not synonymous with suffering
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2
Q

consequences of pain

A
  • unnecessary suffering
  • physical and psychosocial dysfunction
  • impaired recovery from acute illness and surgery
  • immunosuppression
  • sleep disturbances
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3
Q

definition of suffering

A

a state of distress associated with events that threaten the intactness of a person

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4
Q

why is pain undertreated

A
  • inadequate skills to assess and treat pain
  • misconceptions about pain
  • inaccurate information about addiction and other side effects of opioids
  • fear of hastening death
  • patients underreporting pain
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5
Q

why is pain underreported

A
  • fear of addiction, tolerance, side effects
  • belief that pain is inevitable
  • expectation that drugs will not relieve pain
  • desire to be a “good” patient and not complain
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6
Q

dimensions of pain

A
  • physiological
  • sensory → discriminative
  • motivational → affective
  • cognitive → evaluative
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7
Q

perception of pain

A

occurs when pain is recognized, defined, and responded to

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8
Q

modulation of pain

A

activation of descending pathways that exert inhibitory or facilitatory effects on the transmission of pain

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9
Q

dimensions of pain: sensory - discriminative

A
  • the recognition of the sensation as painful
  • sensory-pain elements include pattern, area, intensity, and nature
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10
Q

dimensions of pain: motivational - affective

A
  • emotional response to pain experience:
    • anger
    • fear
    • depression
    • anxiety
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11
Q

dimensions of pain: behavioural

A
  • observable actions used to express or control the pain
    • facial expressions
    • posturing
    • adjusting social and physical activities
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12
Q

dimensions of pain: cognitive - evaluative

A

beliefs, attitudes, memories, and meaning attributed to pain

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13
Q

dimensions of pain: sociocultural

A

demographics, support systems, social roles, past pain experiences, and culture

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14
Q

nociceptive pain

A

damage to the somatic or visceral tissue

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15
Q

somatic tissue pain

A
  • aching or throbbing
  • localized
  • arises from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue
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16
Q

visceral tissue

A
  • tumor involvement or obstruction
  • arises from internal organs
17
Q

neuropathic pain

A
  • damage to the peripheral nerve or central nervous system
    • burning, shooting, stabbing, or electrical in nature
    • sudden, intense, short-lived, or lingering
18
Q

neuropathic pain: peripherally generated

A
  • painful peripheral neuropathies
    • felt along many nerves
  • painful peripheral monopathies
    • one nerve
19
Q

acute pain

A

temporarily related to injury, resolves after appropriate healing time

20
Q

persistent (chronic) pain

A

outlasts “usual” healing process

21
Q

incidental pain definition

A

pain that is caused by a healthcare worker in the clinical setting

22
Q

incidental pain examples

A
  • transfers, ambulation
  • bathing
  • changing clothes
  • dressing changes
23
Q

goals for pain assessment

A

to describe the patient’s sensory, affective, behavioural, cognitive, and sociocultural pain experience (in that order

24
Q

OPQRSTUV

A
  • onset
  • provoking
  • quality
  • region/radiation
  • severity
  • timing/treatment
  • understanding/impact on you
  • values
25
Q

PAIN acronym

A
  • pattern: onset, duration, breakthrough pain
  • area: locations assists in identifying the cause and treatment
  • intensity: reliably measure to determine treatment
  • nature: quality or characteristics of the pain
26
Q

breakthrough pain

A

a sudden severe pain that erupts while a patient is medicated, usually happens quickly

27
Q

neuropathic qualities of pain

A
  • burning, cold, shooting, stabbing, or itcy
28
Q

nociceptive pain qualities

A

sharp, aching, throbbing, and cramping

29
Q

scheduling analgesics

A

used for patients with chronic pain that require constant pain meds rather than PRNs

30
Q

considerations for putting patients on opioids

A

do not give to patients that are experiencing nausea/vomiting, sedation, and constipation

31
Q

tolerance

A

when the pts body gets used to the medications being administered, and overtime different opioids or higher dosages are required for the drugs to take effecg

32
Q

psychological dependence

A

the idea from a patient that they are required to take medications in order to function properly

33
Q

physical dependence

A

when the patient experiences unpleasant physical symptoms of withdrawal when taken off the medication

34
Q

opioid filtration

A

essential that doses be titrated up to effect and down as cause of pain diminishes

35
Q

opioids rotation

A

opioids switched if adverse reactions or not effective

36
Q

opioid toxicity

A
  • caused by the neuro-excitatory activity of opioids or their metabolites
  • symptoms include:
    • confusion
    • myoclonus (a quick and involuntary muscle jerk)
    • paradoxical pain (abnormal pain)
    • hyperalgesia (extreme sensitivity to pain)
    • allodynia (extreme sensitivity to tough)
37
Q

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A

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MedSurg (Nursing Praxis IV) (1 decks)

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