Module 1 - Networks Today

Question 1

What is an end device?

Answer 1

An end device is either the source or destination of a message transmitted over the network.

Question 2

Peer-to-Peer Network Advantages

Answer 2

Easy to set up, less complex, lower cost, simple tasks

Question 3

Peer-to-Peer Network Disadvantages

Answer 3

No centralized administration
Not as secure
Not scalable
All devices may act as both client and server, slowing performance.

Question 4

What are Intermediary Devices?

Answer 4

Intermediary devices connect the individual end devices to the network. They can connect multiple individual networks to form an internetwork. These intermediary devices provide connectivity and ensure that data flows across the network.

Question 5

Criteria for Choosing Media

Answer 5

Maximum distance media can carry signal
Environmental requirements for media install
How much data and at what speed will it be transmitted
What is the cost of the media and installation

Question 6

Which of the following is the name for all computers connected to a network that participate directly in network communication?

Answer 6

Hosts

Question 7

When data is encoded as pulses of light, which media is being used to transmit the data?

Answer 7

Fiber Optic Cable

Question 8

Name two intermediary devices

Answer 8

Routers, Switches

Question 9

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Answer 9

A NIC physically connects the end device to the network. It is a specialized port on a networking device that connects to individual networks.

Question 10

Physical Port

Answer 10

A connector or outlet on a networking device where the media connects to an end device or another networking device

Question 11

Interface

Answer 11

Specialized Ports on a networking device that connect to individual networks. Because routers connect networks, the ports on a router are referred to as network interfaces.

Question 12

Physical Topology Diagrams

Answer 12

Physical topology diagrams illustrate the physical location of intermediary devices and cable installation

Question 13

Logical Topology Diagrams

Answer 13

Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices, ports, and the addressing scheme of the network, They show which devices connect by which media.

Question 14

What is a WAN

Answer 14

A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans a wide geographical area. WANs are typically managed by service providers (SPs) or Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

Question 15

What is an intranet?

Answer 15

Company only network

Question 16

What is an extranet?

Answer 16

Network allowing access for company, but also suppliers, customers, and collaborators.

Question 17

Cable

Answer 17

Typically offered by cable television service providers, the internet data signal transmits on the same cable that delivers cable television. It provides a high bandwidth, high availability, and an always-on connection to the internet.

Question 18

DSL

Answer 18

Digital Subscriber Lines providing high bandwidth, high availability, always-on connection. Asymmetrical DSL has higher download than upload. Symmetrical DSL has equal speeds up and down, but is more expensive generally and used primarily by businesses.

Question 19

Cellular

Answer 19

Performance is limited by capabilities of phone and tower. Allows connection where there is signal.

Question 20

Satellite

Answer 20

Depends on line of sight and provides connection to places where there would otherwise be no connection. Rural areas are a good example.

Question 21

Dial-up Telephone

Answer 21

Inexpensive low bandwidth internet. Not usually used for large transfers, but can allow access while traveling.

Question 22

Dedicated Leased Line

Answer 22

Leased lines are reserved circuits within the service provider’s network that connect geographically separated offices for private voice and/or data networking. The circuits are rented at a monthly or yearly rate.

Question 23

Metro Ethernet

Answer 23

This is sometimes known as Ethernet WAN. In this module, we will refer to it as Metro Ethernet. Metro ethernets extend LAN access technology into the WAN.

Question 24

Four characteristics of networks that an architect must address

Answer 24

FAult tolerance, Scalability, Quality of Service, Security

Question 25

Fault Tolerance

Answer 25

A fault tolerant network is one that limits the number of affected devices during a failure. It is built to allow quick recovery when such a failure occurs. These networks depend on multiple paths between the source and destination of a message. If one path fails, the messages are instantly sent over a different link. Having multiple paths to a destination is known as redundancy.

Question 26

Scalability

Answer 26

A scalable network expands quickly to support new users and applications. It does this without degrading the performance of services that are being accessed by existing users.

Question 27

QoS

Answer 27

Quality of Service. With a QoS policy in place, the router can manage the flow of data and voice traffic, giving priority to voice communications if the network experiences congestion.The focus of QoS is to prioritize time-sensitive traffic. The type of traffic, not the content of the traffic, is what is important.

Question 28

Network Security

Answer 28

Confidentiality - Data confidentiality means that only the intended and authorized recipients can access and read data.
Integrity - Data integrity assures users that the information has not been altered in transmission, from origin to destination.
Availability - Data availability assures users of timely and reliable access to data services for authorized users.

Question 29

Cloud Types

Answer 29

Public Clouds, Private Clouds, Hybrid Clouds, Community Clouds

Question 30

Public Clouds

Answer 30

Cloud-based applications and services offered in a public cloud are made available to the general population. Services may be free or are offered on a pay-per-use model, such as paying for online storage. The public cloud uses the internet to provide services.

Question 31

Private clouds

Answer 31

Cloud-based applications and services offered in a private cloud are intended for a specific organization or entity, such as a government. A private cloud can be set up using the organization’s private network, though this can be expensive to build and maintain. A private cloud can also be managed by an outside organization with strict access security.

Question 32

Hybrid clouds

Answer 32

A hybrid cloud is made up of two or more clouds (example: part private, part public), where each part remains a distinct object, but both are connected using a single architecture. Individuals on a hybrid cloud would be able to have degrees of access to various services based on user access rights.

Question 33

Community clouds

Answer 33

A community cloud is created for exclusive use by specific entities or organizations. The differences between public clouds and community clouds are the functional needs that have been customized for the community. For example, healthcare organizations must remain compliant with policies and laws (e.g., HIPAA) that require special authentication and confidentiality. Community clouds are used by multiple organizations that have similar needs and concerns. Community clouds are similar to a public cloud environment, but with set levels of security, privacy, and even regulatory compliance of a private cloud.

Question 34

Powerline Network

Answer 34

Using a standard powerline adapter, devices can connect to the LAN wherever there is an electrical outlet. No data cables need to be installed, and there is little to no additional electricity used. Using the same wiring that delivers electricity, powerline networking sends information by sending data on certain frequencies.

Question 35

Types of Security Threats

Answer 35

Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses; Spyware and adware; zero-day attacks; threat actor attacks; denial of service attacks; data interception and theft; identity theft.

Question 36

Zero-Day Attacks

Answer 36

Also called zero-hour attacks, these occur on the first day that a vulnerability becomes known.

Question 37

Spyware and adware

Answer 37

Types of software which are installed on a user’s device. Secretly collects information about the user.

Question 38

Denial of Service Attacks

Answer 38

These attacks slow or crash applications and processes on a network device.

Question 39

Access Control Lists

Answer 39

Provide additional filtering and traffic forwarding base don IP addresses and applications

Question 40

Intrusion Prevention Systems

Answer 40

Identify fast-spreading threats such as zero-day or zero-hour attacks.