Module 1 Musculoskeletal conditions ILA slides Flashcards
What is the main focus of Module 3 Topic A?
Musculoskeletal conditions
What are the objectives of Topic A?
Review physiology of bone formation and normal muscle function, discuss aetiology, incidence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations & treatment of musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, and compartment syndrome
Define bone remodeling.
The process involving osteoclasts (chewers), osteoblasts (builders), and osteocytes
What is osteoarthritis?
A chronic condition of deterioration of cartilage
Which population is more affected by osteoarthritis?
Females
What is the risk factor for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people regarding osteoarthritis?
1.5 times greater risk
What is the main association with osteoarthritis?
Aging (> 45 years) and being overweight
What type of condition is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune condition
What attacks synovial joints in rheumatoid arthritis?
Antibody RF
What are the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?
Low grade fever, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, symmetrical joint inflammation
Fill in the blank: The aim of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is to reduce _______.
inflammation
List the pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis.
- Paracetamol
- NSAID – Propionic acid derivatives
- NSAID – COX 2 inhibitors
- Glucosamine & Chondroitin
What are the common adverse effects of NSAIDs?
- Bronchospasm in susceptible clients
- Haematological conditions
- Gastric ulceration
What is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis?
Post-menopausal status
What leads to low trauma fractures in osteoporosis?
Loss of Bone mineral density (BMD)
Fill in the blank: Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance of bone _______ and _______.
resorption, formation
List the risk factors for osteoporosis.
- Heredity
- Nutrition
- Exercise
- Hormones
What type of drugs are used for the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis?
- Anti-resorptive
- Promote bone formation
What must be done when taking bisphosphonates?
Must be taken on an empty stomach and patient must remain upright for 30 minutes
What is a fracture?
A break in the continuity of a bone
What are the complications associated with fractures?
- Venous thrombosis
- Fat embolism syndrome
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Infection - Osteomyelitis
- Compartment syndrome
What is compartment syndrome?
A condition that involves increased pressure within a muscle compartment
What type of arthritis is characterized by the formation of Pannus?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
- Paracetamol
- NSAID
- Corticosteroids
- DMARDs
What are Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
Medications that alter the course of rheumatoid arthritis
List examples of non-biological DMARDs.
- Methotrexate
- Sulfasalazine
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Leflunomide
- Gold salts
- Penicillamine
What is a common symptom of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint inflammation
What is the role of osteoclasts in bone physiology?
Bone resorption
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone physiology?
Bone formation
True or False: Osteoporosis is more common in men than women.
False
What is the recommended daily dosage limit for NSAIDs?
Not to exceed 1200 mg / day
What is required for normal function after joint replacement surgery?
90 degree knee flexion
