Module 1 - Matter and Its Properties Flashcards
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
matter
Aside from solid, liquid, and gas, what are the other states of matter?
Bose-Einstein
condensate and neutron degenerate matter
What is the summarized particulate nature of matter?
a. Matter is made of tiny particles.
b. There is empty space between the particles.
c. Some forces act between the particles.
d. The particles are in constant motion.
This is the fourth state of matter that has the ability to conduct electricity and respond to magnetic fields being an ionized gas.
Plasma
State of matter where in atoms are attached to each other.
Solid
State of matter where in the atoms and molecules are loosely bonded.
Liquid
State of matter where in the atoms and molecules move freely and spread apart from one another.
Gas
A feature of matter that does not depend on its chemical makeup.
Physical property
Examples of physical properties of matter.
color, density, mass, volume, length,
malleability, melting point, hardness, temperature
Characteristic of physical property that does not depend on the system’s size or the amount of material present.
Intensive properties
Characteristic of physical property that relies on the quantity of matter in a sample.
Extensive properties
Mass, weight, moles, length, area, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy is an example of what physical property?
Extensive property
Boiling point, melting point, specific heat capacity, density, conductivity, temperature, chemical properties, luster, hardness, ductility, malleability is an example of what physical property?
Intensive property
These are the attributes that can only be identified or observed when matter transforms into a specific form.
Chemical property
A characteristic of chemical property that refers to the capacity of matter to interact with other substances chemically
Reactivity
A characteristic of chemical property that refers to the term used to describe the tendency of matter to ignite or burn.
Flammability
A characteristic of chemical property that refers to the measure of the potential harm that a chemical substance or a mixture of chemicals can cause to a living organism.
Toxicity
A characteristic of chemical property that refers to the capacity of a substance to interact with an acid is a characteristic chemical property
Acidity
Composition of matter that contains materials that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure
Pure substance
Pure substances that consist of only one type of atom.
Elements
Each element is characterized by
the number of ______ in the nuclei of their atoms, known as the atomic number.
Protons
Elements that compose almost 80% of the elements in the table.
Metals
The only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature.
Mercury
Elements that are mostly gases or brittle solids
Non-metals
The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Bromine
Pure substances of several different atoms in a fixed composition ratio.
Compound
Composition of matter that can be separated into two or more substances by physical means.
Mixture
A mixture that is also called a solution, has only one phase but may have more than one component within the sample.
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture with physically separate parts that can be distinguished from each
other easily. It usually exists in separate phases.
Heterogeneous mixture
As of the year 2024, there are ____ confirmed chemical elements.
118
Refers to the combining capacity of an element. It can be used to figure out how an element’s atoms will combine with those of other elements.
Valency
Also known as a molecular ion, is a group of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and act as a single unit, carrying a net charge that is not zero.
Polyatomic ion
This technique entails manually selecting and separating undesirable materials from desirable ones.
Handpicking
This technique separates attached components from a stem or stalk by hitting, pounding, or trashing.
Threshing
This process is used to separate mixtures composed of substances of varying sizes. The mixture is sifted through the holes of a sieve.
Sieving
A method to separate mixtures, typically a solution composed of a solvent and a soluble solid. the solution is heated until the organic solvent vaporizes, transforming into a gas and predominantly leaving the solid residue behind.
Evaporation
A method wherein mixtures with two or more liquid components are vaporized, condensed, and subsequently separated.
Distillation
In distillation, which component evaporates first?
Volatile components
This method extracts the solid particles from the liquid.
Filtration
A procedure where denser contaminants descend to the bottom of the vessel
containing the mixture, usually present in a liquid like water.
Sedimentation
The process leverages the differing densities of the particles in the mixture. Used to divide two non-mixing liquids.
Funneling
Powerful magnets are typically employed to isolate magnetic components in the mixture.
Magnetic separation
