Module 1: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Religious Wars

Question 1

Which popular remedy was most successful in preventing the spread of the Black Death?

Answer 1

flight and seclusion

Question 2

What social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague?

Answer 2

noble landowners

Question 3

The Statute of Laborers, enacted in the aftermath of the plague ______

Answer 3

limited wages to pre-plague levels.

Question 4

As a result of the Black Death, the population in Western Europe declined by which percentage?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

As a result of the Black Death, _____.

Answer 5

wages for farm laborers and artisans increased.

Question 6

All of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Hundred Years War EXCEPT:

Answer 6

Religious differences

Question 7

Which description best explains the contribution of Joan of Arc to France?

Answer 7

A sense of national identity and destiny

Question 8

One explanation for France’s early defeats in the first two phases of the Hundred Years’ War is

Answer 8

France’s relatively decentralized state

Question 9

The Estates General had an indirect effect on France’s early defeats in the Hundred Years’ War because _____.

Answer 9

the bureaucracy of the independent members exploited the king for their own benefit.

Question 10

In the mid-fourteenth century, France had _____ (rather than England)

Answer 10

three times the population and was much richer than England.

Question 11

The basic argument of the conciliarists was which of the following?

Answer 11

Church councils, guided by the Holy Spirit, had greater authority than popes.

Question 12

Who were the two leaders against the late medieval Catholic Church?

Answer 12

Wycliffe and Huss

Question 13

The papacy was moved to Avignon in 1309 due to pressure from the French. What was this called?

Answer 13

Babylonian Captivity

Question 14

What papal doctrine contributed to the transformation of the papacy into a great secular power?

Answer 14

Plenitude of power

Question 15

According to Unam Sanctum, _____.

Answer 15

temporal authorities were subject to the spiritual power of the church

Question 16

Which of the following are not true about the way the printing press affected the nature of public debate in the Reformation?

Answer 16

Only sophisticated and highly literate arguments were considered worthy of the expense of publication and mass production.

Question 17

Machiavelli’s solution to Italy’s problems was _____.

Answer 17

the unification of Italy

Question 18

Though they considered themselves Catholic, Italian Humanists like Mirandola challenged traditional medieval Christian thinking in all of the following ways Except….

Answer 18

They rejected the Christian conception of a Triune God.

Question 19

In which city did the Medici family rule?

Answer 19

Florence

Question 20

-Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola 1486 “Oration on the Dignity of Man”

Why is this speech by Pico Mirandola a classic example of Renaissance humanism?

Answer 20

It declares humans can declare their destiny and develop themselves through learning.

Question 21

What was “reborn” during the Renaissance?

Answer 21

Learning and the arts

Question 22

Italy’s decline at the end of the fifteenth century was precipitated by the _____.

Answer 22

French invasion of Italy

Question 23

Despite the development of a strong French state under the rule of Charles VII and Louis XI, by the mid-sixteenth century _____.

Answer 23

the pursuit of poor foreign policy created a divided French nation

Question 24

Humanists believed that education should _____.

Answer 24

promote individual virtue and public service

Question 25

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille allowed the two rulers to do all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 25

Secure a lasting peace with Muslim Spain

Question 26

The political turmoil, between the House of Lancaster and the House of York, that plagued England is commonly known as _____.

Answer 26

War of the Roses

Question 27

The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV, created the Golden Bull agreement in 1356 with its major kingdoms stating _____.

Answer 27

an electoral college acted as an administrative body to elect the emperor

Question 28

Image from Florentine Codex 1885

Which of the following was most directly a consequence of the trend depicted in the image?

Answer 28

The growth of the African slave trade to meet the growing demands of the plantation system.

Question 29

The encomienda was _____.

Answer 29

a grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Native Americans

Question 30

Image from Florentine Codex 1885

A historian would be interested in this image if they were studying which of the following?

Answer 30

The demographic effects of the Columbian Exchange.

Question 31

The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was aided by _____.

Answer 31

the inability of the natives to adapt to European diseases

Question 32

The new wealth in Europe brought about by the Americas enabled the expansion in all of the areas EXCEPT

Answer 32

merchandising

Question 33

The early conquistadores were primarily interested in the New World to acquire _____.

G/G/G

Answer 33

gold

Question 34

The writings of Las Casas contributed to the emergence of _____.

Answer 34

the Black Legend

Question 35

Justification by Faith, Martin Luther:
Which of the following Best summarizes Martin Luther’s premise in the passage above?

Answer 35

In order to attain salvation, an individual must put their trust and faith in God only and does not need to worry about being righteous.

Question 36

Luther believed in all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 36

salvation could not be earned.

Question 37

The Reformation broke out first in _____.

Answer 37

three imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland