Module 1: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Religious Wars Flashcards
Which popular remedy was most successful in preventing the spread of the Black Death?
flight and seclusion
What social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague?
noble landowners
The Statute of Laborers, enacted in the aftermath of the plague ______
limited wages to pre-plague levels.
As a result of the Black Death, the population in Western Europe declined by which percentage?
40%
As a result of the Black Death, _____.
wages for farm laborers and artisans increased.
All of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Hundred Years War EXCEPT:
Religious differences
Which description best explains the contribution of Joan of Arc to France?
A sense of national identity and destiny
One explanation for France’s early defeats in the first two phases of the Hundred Years’ War is
France’s relatively decentralized state
The Estates General had an indirect effect on France’s early defeats in the Hundred Years’ War because _____.
the bureaucracy of the independent members exploited the king for their own benefit.
In the mid-fourteenth century, France had _____ (rather than England)
three times the population and was much richer than England.
The basic argument of the conciliarists was which of the following?
Church councils, guided by the Holy Spirit, had greater authority than popes.
Who were the two leaders against the late medieval Catholic Church?
Wycliffe and Huss
The papacy was moved to Avignon in 1309 due to pressure from the French. What was this called?
Babylonian Captivity
What papal doctrine contributed to the transformation of the papacy into a great secular power?
Plenitude of power
According to Unam Sanctum, _____.
temporal authorities were subject to the spiritual power of the church
Which of the following are not true about the way the printing press affected the nature of public debate in the Reformation?
Only sophisticated and highly literate arguments were considered worthy of the expense of publication and mass production.
Machiavelli’s solution to Italy’s problems was _____.
the unification of Italy
Though they considered themselves Catholic, Italian Humanists like Mirandola challenged traditional medieval Christian thinking in all of the following ways Except….
They rejected the Christian conception of a Triune God.
In which city did the Medici family rule?
Florence
-Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola 1486 “Oration on the Dignity of Man”
Why is this speech by Pico Mirandola a classic example of Renaissance humanism?
It declares humans can declare their destiny and develop themselves through learning.
What was “reborn” during the Renaissance?
Learning and the arts
Italy’s decline at the end of the fifteenth century was precipitated by the _____.
French invasion of Italy
Despite the development of a strong French state under the rule of Charles VII and Louis XI, by the mid-sixteenth century _____.
the pursuit of poor foreign policy created a divided French nation
Humanists believed that education should _____.
promote individual virtue and public service
The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille allowed the two rulers to do all of the following EXCEPT
Secure a lasting peace with Muslim Spain
The political turmoil, between the House of Lancaster and the House of York, that plagued England is commonly known as _____.
War of the Roses
The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV, created the Golden Bull agreement in 1356 with its major kingdoms stating _____.
an electoral college acted as an administrative body to elect the emperor
Image from Florentine Codex 1885
Which of the following was most directly a consequence of the trend depicted in the image?
The growth of the African slave trade to meet the growing demands of the plantation system.
The encomienda was _____.
a grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Native Americans
Image from Florentine Codex 1885
A historian would be interested in this image if they were studying which of the following?
The demographic effects of the Columbian Exchange.
The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was aided by _____.
the inability of the natives to adapt to European diseases
The new wealth in Europe brought about by the Americas enabled the expansion in all of the areas EXCEPT
merchandising
The early conquistadores were primarily interested in the New World to acquire _____.
G/G/G
gold
The writings of Las Casas contributed to the emergence of _____.
the Black Legend
Justification by Faith, Martin Luther:
Which of the following Best summarizes Martin Luther’s premise in the passage above?
In order to attain salvation, an individual must put their trust and faith in God only and does not need to worry about being righteous.
Luther believed in all of the following EXCEPT
salvation could not be earned.
The Reformation broke out first in _____.
three imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland
