Module #1 -- Language Structure Flashcards
phonology
the study of sound in language
intonation patterns
the change of pitch used in the sound system of language, i.e. “John?” versus “John!”
stress
the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word.
pitch
a variation in pitch to give prominence to a syllable within a word.
prosody
the study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.
modulation
when the voice goes down for authority, up for engagement etc.
morphology
the study of meaning units in language
inflectional endings
all suffixes -s, ‘s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, -est
syntax
the study of structure of sentences
phonemes
the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a langage
root
carries the principle portion of meaning of the words in which it functions
affix
a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root.
grammar
the study of the rules governing the use of a language
semantics
study of how meaning in language is created by the use and interralationships of words, phrases, and sentences
discourse
verbal expression, either in speech or writing
pragmatics
the study of all aspects of meaning and language use
communicative competence
a learner’s ability to apply and use grammatical rules, and form correct utterances, and know how to use these utterances appropriately
lexicon
the complete and total knowledge that a native speaker has about a language
contrastive analysis
the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities
dialect
a distinct form of a language that differs from other forms of the language in specific linguistic features