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Wound > Module 1- KEY TERMS > Flashcards

Module 1- KEY TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Very fine, slightly acidic film over the epidermis.
-This and the stratum corneum make the skin less permeable to water, and indirectly protect the skin from microorganisms.

A

ACID MANTLE

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2
Q

Vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides energy, cushioning and insulation.

Stores FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS (ADEK)

glistening white to pale yellow appearance
Darker if dehydrated

A

ADIPOSE TISSUE

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3
Q

Collection of fluid at the junction between the dermis and epidermis, due to friction

A

BLISTER

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4
Q

Areas of the body, such as the heel or sacrum, which are protected by a relative thin layer of subcutaneous tissue only.

-tend to be susceptible to pressure ulcers

A

BONY PROMINENCE

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5
Q

Localized build up of stratum corneum cells due to pressure or friction.

A

CALLUS

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6
Q

The binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadhedrins

A

CELL ADHESION

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7
Q

Main supportive protein of the skin

A

COLLAGEN

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8
Q

Protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

A

ELASTIN

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9
Q

An arm or a leg

A

EXTREMITY

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10
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures and facilitates movement between adjacent structures

A

FASCIA

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11
Q

Wound that extends through the epidermis and dermis and into, or through, the subcutaneous tissue

Subcutaneous wound
Subdermal Tissue wound
Stage III or IV Pressure Injury

Ex
Full thickness burn

A

FULL THICKNESS WOUND

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12
Q

Epidermal appendages located within the dermis that are made of soft keratin

Help regulate body temp by trapping air

-each contains a sebaceous gland (produces SEBUM)

A

HAIR

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13
Q

Chemical mediator released by mast cells which causes vasodilation and increased vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area

A

HISTAMINE

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14
Q

Protein produced by keratinocytes.
Nails- hard
Hair- soft

A

KERATIN

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15
Q

Epidermal cell that resurfaces a wound and produces keratin

90% of epidermal cells

A

Keratinocytes

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16
Q

Epidermal cell that assists with infection control

  • attack and engulf foreign bodies
  • present in deeper laters of the epidermis
A

LANGERHANS’ CELL

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17
Q

Cell that directs the repair process, secretes growth factors and enzymes, and destroys bacteria and debris

A

MACROPHAGES

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18
Q

Cell that helps initiate inflammation through secretion of HISTAMINE, ENZYMES and CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

A

MAST CELL

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19
Q

Dark pigment of the skin and hair
Formed by melanocytes

-protects the skin from UV radiation

A

MELANIN

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20
Q

Pigment-producing cell within the epidermis (melanin)

-located in the STRATUM BASALE

A

MELANOCYTE

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21
Q

Sensory receptor within the epidermis providing information on light touch

Attached to keratinocytes by desmosomes

A

MERKEL’s CELL

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22
Q

Epidermal appendage made of HARD keratin and located on the dorsal tips of the digits

A

NAIL

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23
Q

Thin superficial dermal layer consisting of loosely arranged connective tissue embedded in the gelatinous GROUND SUBSTANCE.

A

PAPILLARY DERMIS

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24
Q

Wound involving the epidermis and part of the dermis.

2nd degree burn
Blister
Stage II pressure injury

A

PARTIAL THICKNESS WOUND

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25
Q

Process of engulfing and destroying bacteria and or debris

A

PHAGOCYTIZING

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26
Q

Thick, deep dermal layer consisting of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue

80% of dermal thickness

A

RETICULAR DERMIS

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27
Q

Oil gland, epidermal appendage located within the dermis

- produces sebum

A

SEBACEOUS GLAND

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28
Q

Oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair

May slow bacterial growth

A

SEBUM

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29
Q

Deepest epithelial cell layer, attached to the dermis below by the basal membrane.

Contains a single row continuously dividing cells (keratinocytes)

AKA Stratum Germanitivum

A

STRATUM BASALE

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30
Q

Outermost epithelial cell layer
Consists of dead keratinocytes
- can be 20-30 cells thick, up to 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis
-serves as a physical barrier from trauma and infection

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

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31
Q

Epithelial cell layer with 3-5 flattened rows with increasing concentrations of keratin.
Between STRATUM SPINOSUM & STRATUM LUCIDUM

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

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32
Q

Epithelial cell layer containing a few flattened layers of dead keratinocytes (appear clear thru a microscope).

Between STRATUM GRANULOSUM and STRATUM CORNEUM

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

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33
Q

Epithelial cell layer omconsiting of several rows of more mature SPINY keratinocytes (keratin filaments appear spiny)
Between STRATUM BASALE and STRATUM GRANULOSUM

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM

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34
Q

Adipose tissue and fascia located beneath the dermis

helps support the skin

AKA HYPODERMIS

Consists of ADIPOSE TISSUE and FASCIA

A

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

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35
Q

Sweat gland

Epidermal appendage within the dermis

Secrete sweat into ducts leading to the surface of the skin

A

SUDORIFEROUS GLAND

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36
Q

Wound only involving the epidermis

Abrasion
1st degree burn

A

SUPERFICIAL WOUND

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37
Q

Fibrous cord of connective tissue continuous with the fibers of a muscle

Attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

A

TENDON

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38
Q

Cell that helps fight infection

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes 
Eosinophils 
Basophils
A

WBC

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39
Q

Dermal cell

Produces collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors

A

FIBROBLASTS

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40
Q

EPIDERMAL CELL TYPES

A

KERATINOCYTES
MELANOCYTES
MERKEL CELLS
LANGERHANS CELLS

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41
Q

EPIDERMAL APPENDAGES

A

Hair
Glands
Nails

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42
Q

99% water plus some salts and metabolic waste products

A

SWEAT

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43
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE EPIDERMIS (7)

A

1) chemical and physical barrier
2) fluid regulation
3) critical to wndogenous Vit D production
4) light touch sensation
5) assists with excretion
6) thermoregulation
7) cosmesis

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44
Q

How does the skin play a role in Vit D synthesis?

A

Converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol when exposed to UV light.

45
Q

2 LAYERS OF THE DERMIS

A

Papillary Dermis

Reticular Dermis

46
Q

DERMAL CELL TYPES

A

FIBROBLASTS
MACROPHAGES
WBC
MAST CELLS

47
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE DERMIS (5)

A

1) nourishment for epidermis
2) thermoregulation
3) assists with infection control
4) sensation - nerve endings
5) houses epidermal appendages

48
Q

Regularly arranged COLLAGEN FIBERS

May be enclosed in a fibrous sheath

A

TENDONS

49
Q

Regularly arranged fibers surrounded by fascia

Dark red in color due to its rich vascular supply

Will appear gray/black if nonviable

A

MUSCLES

50
Q

Regularly arranged fibers

DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Ligaments

51
Q

Dense connective tissue with fibers running in varied direction.

A

JOINT CAPSULES

52
Q

Outermost layer of the skin
Regenerates itself every 4-6 weeks
Thin
Avascular

A

EPIDERMIS

53
Q

Innermost layer of the skin

Contains a network of nerve endings, blood vessels, lymphatics, capillaries, sweat & sebaceous glands, hair follicles

A

DERMIS

54
Q

Corpuscle of touch
Located in the Papillary Dermis
Contains nerve endings

A

Meissner’s Corpuscle

55
Q

Wound caused by scraping or friction to the skin’s surface

Superficial Wound

A

Abrasion

56
Q

Endothelial cell that lines vessel walls

A

Angioblast

57
Q

Formation of new blood vessels

A

Angiogenesis

58
Q

Granular leukocyte which releases histamine

A

Basophil

59
Q

Substance that attracts cells

A

Chemotactic Agent

60
Q

Movement along a chemical gradient

A

Chemotaxis

61
Q

Wound’s epithelial integrity has been restored

A

Closed Wound

62
Q

Endogenous enzyme

Breaks down collagen during the MATURATION & REMODELING phase of wound healing.

A

COLLAGENASE

63
Q

Decreasing the size of the wound

Process driven by Myofibroblasts

A

CONTRACTION

64
Q

Signaling protein

INFLAMMATORY PHASE

A

Cytokine

65
Q

State of EXTREME DRYNESS

-physiological fluids that support wound healing are removed

A

DESSICATION

66
Q

Movement of PMNs through capillary walls

A

DIAPEDESIS

67
Q

Granular leukocyte

Associated with ALLERGIC RESPONSE

A

EOSINOPHIL

68
Q

Resurfacing of wound with KERATINOCYTES

A

EPITHELIALIZATION

69
Q

RBC

A

ERYTHROCYTE

70
Q

Fluid containing high levels of protein and cells

A

EXUDATE

71
Q

Temporary structure
Composed of vascular connective tissue
Fills the wound void

A

GRANULATION TISSUE

72
Q

Growth-promoting substance

Increases cell size, proliferation, activity

A

GROWTH FACTOR

73
Q

Closed wound with tissue strength approaching normal

A

HEALED WOUND

74
Q

Oxygen carrying pigment of erythrocytes

Formed in the bone marrow by young erythrocytes

A

HEMOGLOBIN

75
Q

Volume percentage of erythrocytes in WHOLE BLOOD

A

HEMATOCRIT

76
Q 
Chemical mediator
Released bu MAST CELLS
causes VASODILATION
              INCREASES CELL WALL PERMEABILITY 
              ATTRACTS OTHER CELLS
A

HISTAMINE

77
Q

Key structural and functional component of the EXTRA-CELLULAR MATRIX

KEY COMPONENT OF AMNIOTIC FLUID

Promotes l:
Cell proliferation
Tissue regeneration
Repair

A

HYALURONIC ACID

78
Q

First phase of wound healing
Vascular and cellular response to injury of living tissue

Characterized by
RUBOR
CALOR
DOLOR
FUNCTIO LAESA
A

INFLAMMATION

79
Q

Cell surface receptor

Allows cells to bind reversible to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

A

INTEGRIN

80
Q

WBC

protects the body against microorganisms causing disease

A

LEUKOCYES

81
Q

Leukocyte
Mononuclear
NONgranular
Participates in IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

LYMPHOCYTE

82
Q

Part of the cellular response of the INFLAMMATION PHASE

slow PMNs are pushed to vessel walls

A

MARGINATION

83
Q 
Mononuclear
Phagocytic leukocyte
Formed in the bone marrow
Then transported to tissues
Develops into MACROPHAGE
A

MONOCYTE

84
Q

Protease that degrades the extracellular matrix

A

Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP)

85
Q

Wound healing PHASE

COLLAGEN matures and reorients along stress lines

A

MATURATION AND REMODELING

86
Q

Cell possessing properties of FIBROBLASTS and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

causes CONTRACTION

A

MYOFIBROBLAST

87
Q

Granular LEUKOCYTE involved in PHAGOCYTISIS

A

Neutrophil

88
Q

Wound cleaner cell

Secretes enzymes and inflammatory mediators

A

PMN

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil

89
Q

Fluid portion of blood

Particulate components are suspended

A

Plasma

90
Q

Cell that helps control bleeding

Releases growth factors & chemotactic agents

A

Platelet

91
Q

SECOND PHASE OF WOUND HEALING

BUILDING AND REGENERATING
CONSISTS OF: 
        Angiogenesis
       Granulation-tissue formation
        Wound Contraction
        Epithelialization
A

PROLIFERATION

92
Q

Re-epithelialization of a wound

Pricipal method of healing in PRIMARY INTENTION

A

REGENERATION

93
Q

Substance released by INJURED cells that cause VASODILATION

A

Prostaglandin

94
Q

FINAL PHASE OF NORMAL WOUND HEALING

Scar tissue is reorganized

A

REMODELING

95
Q

PRIMARY MODE OF WOUND CLOSURE IN SECONDARY INTENTION

A

Repair

96
Q

Collection of necrotic cells, fibrin, collagen, platelets

Covers a superficial wound

A

SCAB

97
Q

Pathological shortening of scar tissue resulting in DEFORMITY

A

SCAR CONTRACTURE

98
Q

Disc-shaped structure found in the blood and involved in BLOOD COAGULATION

AKA PLATELET

A

Thrombocyte

99
Q

Protease inhibitor of MMPs

A

TIMPs

TISSUE INHIBITORS OF Matrix Metalloprotease

100
Q

Low protein collection of fluid caused by increased vascular permeability

A

TRANSUDATE

101
Q

Process by which MYOFIBROBLASTS pull wound margins closer together, thereby decreasing the size of the defect

A

WOUND CONTRACTION

102
Q

Three Phases of Wound Healing

A

Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation/Remodeling

103
Q

3 Types of Wound Closures

A

Primary Intention
Secondary Intention
Delayed Primary Intention

104
Q

An organized and predictable process, consisting of 3 overlapping phases:
Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation/Remodeling

A

Normal Wound Healing

105
Q

The body’s 1st response to injury

controls blood loss,
fends off bacterial invasion
Signals cells to restore the injured are

Does not occur in dead tissue or in tissues without adequate blood flow

Involves cellular and vascular response

A

INFLAMMATION

106
Q

Second phase of healing

New tissues are built to fill the gap

Epithelial integrity is restored

Wound is closed

A

PROLIFERATION

107
Q

Final phase of healing

Lasts up to 2 years after wound closure

Scar tissue is reorganized according to Wolff’s Law

*scar tissue is less elastic and may only reach a max of 80% of original tissue strength.

A

MATURATION/REMODELING

108
Q

When is a wound considered healed?

A

After it is resurfaced AND maximal attainable tissue strength is achieved.

Wound (1 decks)

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