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Microbiology 1 > Module 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology > Flashcards

Module 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define taxonomy

A

Science of classification

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2
Q

Define classification

A

Arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups based on similarities

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3
Q

Define nomenclature

A

Assignment of names

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4
Q

Define identification

A

Determining which group a new isolate belongs to

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5
Q

Give characteristics of eukaryotic microorganisms

A

Organized nucleus with several chromosomes

Nucleus has nuclear membrane

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6
Q

Give characteristics of prokaryotic microorganisms

A

Lack organized nucleus
No nuclear membrane
Single circular chromosome

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7
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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8
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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9
Q

What were the 2 original kingdom names? Where were bacteria placed?

A

Animalia and plantae

Bacteria were plantae

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10
Q

What was the 3rd kingdom to be added? What was it for?

A

Protista

For all microorganisms

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11
Q

Why was a 4th kingdom created? What is it called? What’s in it?

A

To separate prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms

Procaryotae - prokaryotic microorganisms (all bacteria)

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12
Q

What are the 8 taxonomic groups from largest to smallest?

A 
Kingdom
Division/Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Tribe
Genus
Species
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13
Q

Define species

A

Cells with similar characteristics

Indistinguishable from each other, but not from other species

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14
Q

What is a type strain?

A

One strain of the species

Reference specimen for that name

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15
Q

What does a species consist of?

A

Type strain and all strains similar enough to be included

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16
Q

What is a subspecies?

A

Taxonomic subgroup smaller than species

Minor but consistent differences from the type species

17
Q

What is a biotype/biovar?

A

Type of subspecies distinguished by biochemical or physiological properties that differ from the type strain

18
Q

What is a serotype/serovar?

A

Type of subspecies distinguished by distinctive antigenic or serological properties that differ from the type strain

19
Q

What is the key system of identification? What is heavily weighted?

A

Classification where all bacterial characteristics were identified and weighted
Shape and gram reactions are heavily weighted

20
Q

What is the problem with the key system?

A

Bacteria were placed into genera but were genetically unrelated species

21
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA?

A

Cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine

22
Q

Which nitrogenous bases will bacteria of the same species have the same content of? ex: 30%

23
Q

Will two bacterias with the same G+C content be identical?

A

No, the sequence may be different

24
Q

What might nucleic acid hybridization be used for?

A

Single stranded DNA will hybridize with another single strand of DNA if the organisms are the same

25
Q

What in nucleic acid hybridization determines the similarity of two organisms?

A

The degree of hybridization

26
Q

What is included in numerical taxonomy? How are these things weighted?

A

Large number of characteristics
Morphology, biochemical properties, G+C content, etc
Each weighted equally

27
Q

What is the suffix used in the family taxonomic group?

28
Q

Which of the following would represent a family in bacterial classification?

a. Bacillus
b. Bacilleae
c. Bacillales
d. Bacillaceae

A

d. Bacillaceae

29
Q

A prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell in the the prokaryotic cell lacks:

a. plasma membrane
b. nuclear membrane
c. cell wall
d. ribosomes

A

b. nuclear membrane

30
Q

Groups of strains of bacteria within a species that differ by specific biochemical properties are designated by the term:

a. pathovar
b. biovar
c. serovar
d. type strain

31
Q

On the basis of usual endings, which of the following would not be a genus?

a. Staphylococci
b. Steptococcus
c. Shigella
d. Clostridium

A

a. Staphylococci

32
Q

Which example is in order from largest to smallest?

a. family, class, tribe, genus
b. division, class, order, family
c. species, genus, family, order
d. kingdom, family, class, species

A

b. division, class, order, family

King David Came Over For The Good Spaghetti

33
Q

The kindgom used for classification of bacteria in Bergey’s Manual is:

a. Plantae
b. Protista
c. Procaryotae
d. Animalia

A

c. Procaryotae

34
Q

A system that attempts to classify on the basis of percentage of guanine and cytosine present is:

a. key system
b. uses numerical taxonomy
c. determines nucleic acid composition
d. uses nucleic acid hybridization techniques

A

c. determines nucleic acid composition

Microbiology 1 (11 decks)

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