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Microbiology > Module 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology & Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology & Module 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification

A

How to determine taxonomic groups based on similiarities

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2
Q

Nomenclature

A

How we name microorganisms

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3
Q

Identification

A

How we put a new isolate into a group

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4
Q

Microorganisms

A

Unicellular, less than 0.1 mm

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5
Q

Eucaryotic

A
  • Organisms have true nucleus
  • Several Chromosomes
  • Enclosed in a Nuclear Membrane
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6
Q

Procaryotic

A
  • Primitive Nucleus
  • No nuclear membrane
  • Single Chromosome
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7
Q

Subspecies

A

Minor differences from the type strain, usually biochemical or serological characteristics that differ.

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8
Q

Type Strain

A

Reference specimen of the species

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9
Q

Biotype (Biovar)

A

Subspecies distinguished by biochemical properties

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10
Q

Serotype (Serovar)

A

Subspecies distinguished by serological or antigenic properties.

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11
Q

Bacterial Cellular Morphology

A

Morphological characteristics seen on a stained slide under the microscope

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12
Q

Tetrads

A

Cells divide on two planes and 4 adhere together.

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13
Q

Sarcinae

A

Cells divide in 3 planes and at right angles to form cubes of 8 cells together

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14
Q

Palisades

A

Bacteria slip together and form sheets with bacteria lying on top of each other after dividing

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15
Q

Acute Angles

A

Bacteria snap back at the point of division

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16
Q

Cocci

A

Ex. Staphylococcus

Round, oval shaped bacteria.

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17
Q

Rods (Bacilli)

A

Bacteria length is longer than width.

Ex. Salmonella

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18
Q

Spirilla

A

Vary in shape from slightly curved rods to tight corkscrews

Ex. Treponema

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19
Q

Chaining

A

Bacteria adhere to each other along one plane

20
Q

Involution Forms

A

Dead or degenerating bacteria

21
Q

Bacterial Colony

A
  • a single bacterium
  • divides and all of the daughter bacteria remain together in a visible cluster
  • can be seen with the naked eye on agar plates
22
Q

Cellular Morphology

A

Microscopic appearance of bacteria on a gram stained slide, need a microscope to see

23
Q

Colonial Morphology

A

Macroscopic appearance of bacteria on agar plates. Includes color, consistency, hemolysis, size, colony edge appearance.

24
Q

Plate Media

A
  • semi solid media inoculated with bacteria

- incubated 1-2 days and read for spreading growth

25
Q

Tube Media

A
  • test tube of media is inoculated half way down with bacteria
  • incubated 1-2 days and read
26
Q

Bacterial Capsules

A

An outer Viscous layer excreted by some bacteria

27
Q

Capsule

A

Organized and firmly attached to cell wall

28
Q

Slime Layer

A

Unorganized and loosely attached to cell wall

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Organisms can’t be engulfed by body defence cells

30
Q

Virulence

A

Better able to invade and get established in host

31
Q

Protective Layer

A

For bacterial cells: allows bacteria to adhere to host surfaces.

32
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid structure outside of plasma membrane, which gives bacterial cells their shape and protects inner contents.

33
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Strengthening substance of bacterial cell wall

34
Q

Protoplast

A

Gram positive cell that has lost its cell wall

35
Q

Spheroplast

A

Gram negative cell with some outer cell wall still attached

36
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A
  • water moves into cell causing rupture or lysis

- lower water concentration/higher salt concentration inside cell than outside

37
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A
  • water leaves cell causing shrinkage

- higher water concentration in cell than outside

38
Q

Isotonic Solution

A
  • 0.85% saline (NaCl), same concentration as bacterial cells
  • no water movement into or out of bacterial cells
39
Q

Fixation

A

Process of adhering clinical specimen to a glass slide

40
Q

Fimbriae

A

Non-flagellar, hair-like projections on gram positive and negative cells

41
Q

Pili

A
  • transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells

- Longer than fimbriae

42
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement from high to low concentration

43
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive movement of water

44
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Carrier enzymes aid in passive movement from high to low concentration

45
Q

Permeases

A

Carrier enzymes in cell membrane that aid in transfer of material across membrane

46
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires energy to transport material from low to high concentration

47
Q

Spores (Endospores)

A

-formed when nutrients are low or
depleted as a survival technique
-found only in gram positive rods

Microbiology (5 decks)

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