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A&P 1 > Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

a way of observing and measuring natural phenomenon in order to explain them

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2
Q

Human Anatomy

A

Study of the structure or form of the human body

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3
Q

Human Physiology

A

Study of the body’s functions

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4
Q

Cellular Composition

A

Cells are the smallest units that carry out the functions of life

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Living organisms carry out chemical processes collectively

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6
Q

Anabolism

A

the “building” processes of metabolism

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

the “breaking down” processes of metabolism

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8
Q

Growth

A

an increase in the size and/or number of cells

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9
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of potentially harmful waste products created by metabolic processes

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10
Q

Responsiveness or Irritatbilty

A

Organisms sense and react to changes or stimuli in their environment

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11
Q

Movement

A

Organisms or individual cells of an organism move

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12
Q

Reproduction

A

Production of new cells during growth or repair or reproduction of new organisms

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13
Q

What are the structural levels of organization?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

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14
Q

Chemical Level

A

the smallest level; chemicals range from tiny atoms to complex molecules

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15
Q

Cellular Level

A

Groups of many different types of molecules combine in specific ways to form cellular structures

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16
Q

Tissue Level

A

Two or more cell types and material outside them, called extracellular matrix, combine to perform a common function

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17
Q

Organ Level

A

Two or more tissue types combine to form an organ with a recognizable shape that performs a specialized task

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18
Q

Organ System Level

A

Two or more organs that together carry out a broad function in the body

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19
Q

Organism Level

A

The organ systems function together to make up the working human body (an organism)

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20
Q

How many organ systems are in the human body?

A

eleven (11)

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21
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Examines individual organ systems

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22
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Examines the body in regions, such as the head and neck

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23
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Examines surface markings

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24
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Examines structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

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25
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Examines cells (cytology) and tissues (histology) with the use of a microscope

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26
Q

cytology

A

the examination of cells

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27
Q

histology

A

the examination of tissues

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28
Q

What do physiologists study?

A

structural levels of organization of the body

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29
Q

anatomical position

A

common frame of reference from which all body parts and regions are described regardless of position

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30
Q

Directional Terms

A

Describe the relative locations of body parts and markings to ensure accurate communication among scientists and healthcare professionals

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31
Q

Anterior

A

the front of the body

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32
Q

Posterior

A

the back of the body

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33
Q

Superior OR Cranial

A

towards the head and inferior

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34
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail

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35
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the point of origin

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36
Q

Distal

A

further from the point of origin

37
Q

What does proximal and distal refer to

A

positions on the limbs only

38
Q

What does anterior and posterior refer to?

A

the whole body or part of the body

39
Q

What does superior and inferior refer to?

A

positions on the head, neck, and trunk only

40
Q

Medial

A

closer to the middle line of the body

41
Q

What is the middle line of the body known as?

A

midline

42
Q

lateral

A

a position further away from the midline

43
Q

superficial

A

structures closer to the surface of the body

44
Q

deep

A

structures farther below

45
Q

Appendicular

A

upper and lower limbs or appendages

45
Q

Axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

46
Q

abdominal

A

the abdomen

47
Q

cervical

A

the neck

48
Q

gluteal

A

the buttocks

49
Q

inguinal

A

the groin

50
Q

lumbar

A

the lower back

51
Q

pelvic

A

the pelvis

52
Q

pubic

A

the pubis

53
Q

sacral

A

the sacrum

54
Q

sternal

A

the sternum

55
Q

thoracic

A

the chest

56
Q

vertebral

A

the spinal colomn

57
Q

buccal

A

the cheek

58
Q

cranial

A

the skull

59
Q

cephalic

A

the head

60
Q

frontal

A

the forehead

61
Q

mental

A

the chin

62
Q

nasal

A

the nose

63
Q

occipital

A

the back of the head

64
Q

ocular

A

the eye

65
Q

oral

A

the mouth

66
Q

optic

A

the ear

67
Q

acromial

A

the point of the shoulder

68
Q

antebrachial

A

the forearm

69
Q

antecubital

A

the anterior surface of the elbow

70
Q

axillary

A

the armpit

71
Q

brachial

A

the arm

72
Q

carpal

A

the wrist

73
Q

digital

A

the fingers or toes

74
Q

manual

A

the hand

75
Q

metacarpal

A

the metacarpals (bones of the hand)

76
Q

Palmar

A

the palm

77
Q

pollex

A

the thumb

78
Q

coxal

A

the hip

79
Q

crural

A

the anterior surface of the leg

80
Q

femoral

A

the thigh

81
Q

hallux

A

the great toe

82
Q

metatarsal

A

the metatarsals (bones of the foot)

83
Q

patellar

A

the anterior surface of the knee

84
Q

pedal

A

the foot

85
Q

planar

A

the sole of the foot

86
Q

popliteal

A

the posterior surface of the knee

87
Q

sural

A

the posterior surface of the leg

88
Q
A

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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