Module 1 (INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY) Flashcards
Study of the parts of human body & their
relations
General Anatomy
Deals with the study of shapes and structures
of the human body with special emphasis on
the relationships of the different parts
Human Anatomy
4 Divisions of Anatomy
- Gross / Macroscopic Anatomy
- Histology/Microscopic Anatomy
- Embryology / Developmental Anatomy
- Neuroanatomy
Greek word “ana” means?
apart/up
Greek word “tome” means?
to cut/cutting
Studies the larger structures of the body that are
visible without the aid of magnification
Gross Anatomy/Macroscopic Anatomy
Study of the minute structures that can be seen
only with the aid of lenses.
Histology/Microscope Anatomy
The branch of anatomy that studies structural
changes of an individual from fertilization to
maturity
Embryology/Developmental Anatomy
The sudy of the nervous system
Neuroanatomy
5 methods of studying anatomy
- Regional/Topographical Anatomy
- Systemic Anatomy
- Surface Anatomy
- Radiographic Anatomy
- Applied Anatomy
Study of the relationships of all structures found
in a particular area or region of the body
Regional/Topographical Anatomy
5 regions of the body
- Head
- Neck / Cervical Region
- Trunk / Torso
- Upper Extremity or Upper Limb
- Lower Extremity or Lower Limb
Name the abdominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac region –> Epigastric region –> Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region –> Umbilical region –> Left lumbar region
Right iliac region –> Hypogastric region –> Left iliac region
Study in which all parts of the body made up of
the same structure and of related functions are
taken up individually or as a group
Systemic Anatomy
WHAT SYSTEM:
Protects against environmental hazards.
Regulates body temperature
Integumentary System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Provide support and protection for other tissue.
Store calcium and other minerals.
Forms blood
Skeletal System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Provides movement
Stability of body
Associated collagen fibers and cartilages
found between joints of the bone.
Articular System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Movement
Provides protection and support for other
tissues
Muscular System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Coordinates or moderates activities of other
organ system.
Provides and interprets sensory information
about external condition
Nervous System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved
materials including nutrients, waste products,
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Cardiovascular System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Defense against infection and diseases.
Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Absorption of oxygen and discharge of carbon
dioxide
Respiratory System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Processing of food, absorption of nutrients,
minerals vitamins and water
Digestive System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Eliminates waste product from blood.
Regulation of blood volume and pressure.
Urinary System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Production of male sex cells and hormones.
Production of female sex cells and hormones.
Site of fertilization, fetal development, birth &
nourishment
Reproductive System
WHAT SYSTEM:
Integrative
Maintenance of internal environment
Controls structural and functional changes
during development
Endocrine
Includes the use of plain x-rays as well as x-rays
taken through the introduction of various dyes
into the blood stream or ingested.
Study of structures based on the used of plain xrays, CT scans, angiography.
Radiographic Anatomy
Application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis
and treatment
Applied Anatomy
Materials used in studying Anatomy
- BOOKS
- CHARTS, DRAWINGS, AND ATLASES
- HUMAN MODELS OR CADAVERS
- LIVING BODY
Four Basic Reference System
- Direction
- Fundamental Planes
- Cavities
- Structural Units
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves.
Median/Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left EQUAL halves.
Midsagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left UNEQUAL halves.
Parasagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves.
Coronal/Frontal Plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves.
Transverse Plane
Descriptive terms related to sagittal plane:
Medial and Lateral
Medial means?
towards the midline
Lateral means?
away from the midline
Descriptive terms related to the frontal plane:
Anterior (Ventral) and Posterior (Dorsal)
Anterior (Ventral) means?
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Posterior (Dorsal) means?
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body
Descriptive terms related to the transverse plane:
Superior (Cranial) and Inferior (Caudal)
Superior (Cranial) means?
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper
Inferior (Caudal) means?
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
Proximal means?
closer to the central axis of the body
External means?
farther from the central axis of the body
Superficial means?
nearer the surface of the body
Deep means?
away from the surface of the bod
It refers to the walls of a cavity.
Somatic or parietal
It refers to the organs within the cavity.
Visceral
What cavities is located in the anterior aspect of
the body (Ventral Cavity)?
Ventral cavity consists of:
- Thoracic Cavity
- Abdomino-Pelvic Cavity
Thoracic cavity contains what:
Pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity
Cavity that houses the lungs:
Pleural Cavity
Where Trachea, Esophagus can be found:
Mediastinum
It houses the Heart, Great Vessels:
Pericardial Cavity
Cavity primarily in digestive system.
Abdominal cavity
Cavity primarily in reproductive system
Pelvic cavity
What cavities is located in the posterior aspect of
the body (Dorsal Cavity)?
Dorsal cavity consists of:
- Cranial Cavity
- Spinal/Vertebral Cavity
It is in the anterior portion of the dorsal cavity which houses the brain.
Cranial Cavity
It is in the posterior portion of the dorsal cavity which
houses the spinal cord.
Spinal/Vertebral Cavity
Fundamental unit of all living things
Cell
Collection of similar cells having the same
functions
Tissue
A group of fundamental tissues bound together
in the performance of a given function
Organ
A group of organs similar in origin and
structure, united together in the performance of a
given function
System
Four fundamental tissues
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscular
D. Nervous
This tissue covers the surface of the body and line the various body cavities, ducts, and vessels
Epithelial Tissue
It is derived from the mesoderm and has the following functions:
a. Support (cartilages and bones)
b. For the attachment of other tissues (tendons, ligaments, and fascia)
c. Specialized function (blood)
Connective Tissue
It is composed of specialized cells capable of contracting, and thereby decreasing in length.
Muscular Tissue
It forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves. These transmit messages throughout the body.
Nervous Tissue
Type of muscular tissue that moves the skeleton.
Skeletal
Type of muscular tissue that propel blood throughout the body.
Cardiac
Type of muscular tissue that aid in digestion by moving food
through the digestive tract.
Smooth
