Module 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Internal combustion engine design is driven by 2 global issues

Answer 1

Cost of fuel and emission controls

Question 2

T/F: Size of engine dictates power produced

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Reason for increase in smaller engines over the years

Answer 3

Use of turbocharger: air going into engine can be compressed (more power for smaller size/displacement)

Question 4

Most motor vehicle fuels (gas and diesel) are derived from ______ oil

Answer 4

Crude

Question 5

Supply

Answer 5

Crude oil reserves lim to few countries in the world (Middle East, Canada, Russie, Venezuela, U.S.)

Question 6

World oil reserves are estimated to be depleted in 50 years - 3 more than previous estimate. Why the change?

Answer 6

Able to access more supply in the US via fracking

Question 7

T/F: Largest and cheapest extraction of oil reserves located in politically stable countries where conflicts seldom affect oil production

Answer 7

F: Happen in UNSTABLE countries where conflicts often affect oil prod

Question 8

Why would demand for oil be increasing?

Answer 8

Emerging countries are getting richer, so more people can now afford cars

Question 9

Oil mining in Canada

Answer 9

• Most of oil trapped in bitumen sand
• Must be extracted then separated
• Requires high initial capital cost

Question 10

T/F: Emission controls add cost to the car

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Where is TC in a cylinder

Answer 11

Highest point of stroke, slightly below ‘ceiling’ of cylinder

Question 12

Where is BC in a cylinder

Answer 12

Lowest point of stroke

Question 13

Clearance volume, V_c

Answer 13

Volume above TC and below ceiling of piston

Question 14

Rings on piston

Answer 14

Pressure ring prevents hot gas from bypassing piston (seal)

Oil ring acts as squidgy for oil on the pin, prevents oil from burning cylinder

Question 15

Biggest difference betw historical and current engines

Answer 15

Speed at which strokes occur

Question 16

T/F: Crank shaft position is always referenced from 90º

Answer 16

F: always referenced from TC, when connecting rod is fully vertical (considered 0º)

Question 17

T/F: It takes half a crank revolution to make a full stroke

Answer 17

T

Question 18

One stroke equals…

Answer 18

The piston moving from BC to TC (or vice versa) ONCE

Question 19

4-stroke spark ignition engine process

Answer 19

Stroke 1: F/A mix introduced to cylinder through intake

Stroke 2: F/A mix compressed (ignition happens before piston reaches TC)

Stroke 3: Combustion occurs, product gases expand doing work

Stroke 4: Product gases pushed out of cylinder through exhaust

Question 20

T/F: 2 power strokes for every 2 crank shaft revolutions (in 4-stroke SI)

Answer 20

F: 1 power stroke/2 crank shaft revolutions (“power” = combustion)

Question 21

Why does combustion push piston down?

Answer 21

Elevated pressure

Question 22

T/F: The cylinder volume starts at 0 on stroke 1 in the 4-stroke SI process

Answer 22

F: Starts at TC (since we have a little clearance volume at the top)

Question 23

Ignition too early vs. too late

Answer 23

Early: Counteracts piston and loses work

Late: Lose opportunity to push piston down

Question 24

Ignition timing is ________

Answer 24

Critical

Question 25

T/F: Valve timing is extremely important in 4-stroke engine

Answer 25

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