Module 1: Introduction Flashcards
As per SME, coal provides more than ____% of global electricity.
36
Percentage of coal used for electricity generation.
68%
Percentage of coal used for steel production.
7%
Over __% of the steel production today uses coal.
71%
Percentage of coal used for cement production.
4%
__________ coal produces odor and smoke free heat and are also less expensive than most standard heating options.
Anthracite
Coal is a combustible rock composed mainly of __________, ___________, and ___________.
C, H, & O
Coal is formed from vegetation consolidated between rock strata and altered by the combined effects of ________ & __________ over million of years to form coal seams.
heat, pressure
The Carboniferous period is also known as _____________________.
Age of Amphibians
During the Carboniferous period, O2 content was in its highest historical level at ____%.
35%
Types of coal arranged from the lowest to the highest carbon and heating value.
Lignite, Subbituminous, Bituminous, & Anthracite.
Types of coal arranged from the lowest to the highest moisture content.
Anthracite, Bituminous, Subbituminous, Lignite
Lower rank coal composes ___% of world resources while hard coal is __%.
47%, 53%
Percentages of the 4 types of coal out of the world resources.
Lignite-17%
Subbituminous-30%
Bituminous-52%
Anthracite-1%
2 Types of Bituminous Coal
Thermal (Steam) coal and Metallurgical (Coking) coal.
A group under the anthracite class that consists of 86-92% fixed carbon limits and 8-14% volatile matter limits.
Semianthracite
A group under the Bituminous class of coal that consists of less than 86% fixed carbon limits and more than 14 % volatile matter limits.
Low-Volatile bituminous
It is a measure of the amount of non volatile carbon remaining in a coal sample.
Fixed carbon
It refers to the water, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, etc. present in a coal sample.
Volatile matter
Coal that is burned to create steam that drives turbines and generators for electricity production.
Thermal/Steam Coal
______________ coal is a key ingredient in steelmaking.
Metallurgical/coking coal
A byproduct of coal used in cement manufacture and the wider construction industry.
Fly ash
Coal is heated and pressurised with steam to produce __________ for domestic lighting and heating.
town gas
Advantages of a coal
Accessibility Usability Versatility Affordability Safety
Disadvantages of coal
Non renewable
Health hazards
Environmental Impacts
High carbon emissions
It was mined by simply picking it off beaches where it was deposited after being eroded from coal outcrops both above and below sea level.
Sea coal
Coal exposed on a hillside was mined by following the coal seam, horizontally into the ground.
Drift mine
The coal seam occurred below the ground surface and a shallow shaft was dug to reach the coal.
Bell Pit
New coal mining method developed during the Industrial Revolution
Board and Pillar Method
Long tunnels that were cut out of the coal seam, leaving pillars of coal to hold the roof.
Boards
Shaft from which the miners went up and down and the coal came up.
Main/downcast shaft
A second shaft built to prevent explosions, where at its bottom was a large fire for ventilation purposes.
Upcast shaft
It ensured that a gust of air never blew down the upcast shaft and sent fire blazing into the mine.
Wind vane
Walls built to force the air to travel through all the workings.
Stoppings
Amount of coal left in the world (BOE)
4, 292, 901, 367, 086
At current consumption levels, it is estimated that there are _____ years of coal left.
133
Top 5 countries with the highest coal reserves arranged from highest to lowest.
US Russia Australia China India
Year on which the Philippines started producing coal.
1977
Year on which the Philippines started importing coal.
1988
Year on which the Philippines started exporting coal.
2007
Coal mining company with the highest coal production in MT in the Philippines.
Semirara Mining and Power Corporation (SMPC)
Differentiate a Resource from a Reserve.
A resource is that amount of a geologic commodity that exists in both discovered and undiscovered deposits—by definition, then, a “best guess.” Reserves are that subgroup of a resource that have been discovered, have a known size, and can be extracted at a profit.
