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NURS352 - Practice of Nursing 1 > Module 1 - Intro to the Older Adult > Flashcards

Module 1 - Intro to the Older Adult Flashcards

1
Q

Gerontology

A

study of the aging processes and individuals as they mature throughout the lifespan and includes:

  1. study of the physical mental and social changes of aging
  2. analysis of the changes in society as a result of an aging population
  3. application of this knowledge to policies and program development
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2
Q

Purpose of the Specialty of Geronotology

A

Dispel the myths of aging

Well educated member of the health care team

Improved health outcomes

Prevent adverse outcomes

Improve quality of care - not only length of life

Relatively new science - recognized
»»>Congress created the national institute of health in 1974

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3
Q

Core Elements of Evidence Based Practice in Gerontological Nursing Practice

A

nursing practice decision making follows research

relies on synthesis and analysis of information

benchmarking

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4
Q

Benchmarking

A

performance compared with best practices

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5
Q

Core Elements of Standards for nursing practice for Gerontological Nursing Practice

A

guide and evaluate nursing practice

state and federal regulations

joint commission

ANA standards

principles based on scientific data

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6
Q

Functions of the Gerontological Nurse: G.e.r.o.n.t.o.l.i.g.i.c.a.l

A

G - guide persons of all ages toward a healthy aging process

E- eliminate ageism

R- respect rights of older adults and ensure others do the same

O - oversee and promote the quality of service delivery

N - notice and reduce risk to health and well being

T- teach and support caregivers

O - open channels for continued growth

L - listen and support

O - offer optimism, encouragement and hope

G - generate, support, use and participate in research

I - implement restorative and rehabilitative measures

C - coordinate and manage care

A - assess, plan, implement, and evaluate care in an individualized holistic manner

L - link services with needs

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7
Q

Functions of the gerontological nurse: N.U.R.S.E

A

N - nurture future geron nurses for advancement of the specialty

U - understand the unique physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of each older adult

R - recognize and encourage the appropriate management of ethical concerns

S - support and comfort through the dying process

E - educate to promote self care and optimal independence

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8
Q

Places Older People Receive Care

A

Skilled nursing facility (nursing homes - 5% here)

Retirement communities (55+)

Adult Care Center (daycare kinda)

Residential Care (live in homes with multiple older adults and nurses)

Transitional Care

Rehabilitation (short term after replacement surgery)

Community Based Home care (help at home with an aide)

Hospitals

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9
Q

Life Expectancy

A

length of time that a person can be predicted to live

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10
Q

Life Span

A

maximum years that a person has the potential to live

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11
Q

Compression of Mortality

A

delaying or compressing the years in which serious illness and decline occur so that an extended life expectancy results in more functional, healthy years

Maintenance and prevention allow for more functional and healthy years down the road

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12
Q

Comorbiditiy

A

the presence of multiple chronic conditions simultaneously

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13
Q

Young-Old

A

60 to 74 years old

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14
Q

Middle - Old

A

75-84 years old

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15
Q

Old-old

A

85 +

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16
Q

Centenarians

A

over 100 years old

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17
Q

Life expectancy continues to rise on average and the average recently in 2010 was…

A

78.3 years old

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18
Q

Disparities for life expectancy exist according to …

A

gender and race

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19
Q

Men average life expectancy versus Female average life expectancy

A

Men - 75.7 y/o

Female - 80.8 y/o

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20
Q

___ are more likely to be living alone in old age

A

Women

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21
Q

UN estimates the old age population will increase from what to what?

A

7.6% to 16.2%

China (129 million), India (77 million), US (40 million), Russian Federation (27 million) nowadays

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22
Q

Highest life expectancy is where and what is it?

A

Japan- 82.9 years old

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23
Q

Lowest life expectancy is where and what is it?

A

African republic - 47 years

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24
Q

HP2020 has what goals for Older Population?

A

Access to quality health services

coordinated and manage health care needs

management of health care needs

recognizing minimum education to care for older adults

support research to equip providers with tools that needed to care for adults

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25
What ways do older generations meet financial needs?
Social security supplemental security income main source of income is more than half still from part time
26
Education nowadays...
has more colleges graduates than previous ones
27
What needs and services should we anticipate for when the current "young" become the older generation?
Low birth rates (less children to care for aging parents) better educated than preceding generations household tends to have higher income favor more casual dress high tech consumers more likely to report feeling stressed exercise more frequently
28
Leading cause of death is ...
heart disease related to obesity
29
Average length of stay in a hospital for the elderly is...
5 days
30
___ is on the rise
obesity
31
Most older adults have at least one what?
Chronic illness approximately 80% have them
32
Since the 1980s what has occurred in regard to chronic disability?
Limitations in ADL has decreased but about 1/5 report still having chronic disability (among the elderly)
33
___% of elderly have at least 1 chronic illness, and ___% have 2 or more
80% = 1 62% = 2+
34
Top 10 Chronic Illnesses/Conditions in Adults 65+
``` Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Arthritis Ischemic Heart Disease Diabetes Chronic Kidney Disease Heart Failure Depression Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ```
35
What is main source of health insurance in adults 65+
Medicare
36
Medicare
Federal health insurance program
37
Medicare Part A
covers hospital and other services
38
Medicare Part B
covers medical visits services and other services
39
Medicare Part C
Medicare advantage plans not free, must purchase supplement what A and b cannot do
40
Medicare Part D
covering drug plan does not cover all drugs and sometimes if you reach the maximum and have to pay out of pocket afterwards
41
Theories of aging depend on...
the person no single theory is perfect for one person
42
Biologic Theories of Aging
Genetic Theories Cross Linking Theories Evolutionary Theories Free Radical Theories Wear and Tear Theories
43
Genetic Theories
Biologic Theory of Aging aging is based on DNA ex: Alzheimers
44
Cross Linking Theories
Biologic Theory of Aging based on cellular division - has to do with body chemistry for aging
45
Evolutionary Theories
Biologic Theory of Aging Based on natural selection and how you adapt to the environment - that is what determines aging
46
Free Radical Theories
Biologic Theory of Aging Aging is related to free radicals and prevention through antioxidants
47
Wear and Tear Theories
Biologic Theory of Aging The body is a machine and aging is the machine breaking down over time so you should maintain upkeep and maintenance to slow aging
48
Biologic Theories of Aging Implications for Nursing
the diversity, complexity, and number of theories show there is no one role that impacts the aging process So, identify elements known to influence aging to promote positive practices and health promotion
49
Psychosocial Theories of Aging
Disengagement Theory Activity Theory Continuity Theory Developmental Tasks Gerotranscendence
50
Disengagement Theory
Psychosocial theory of aging role reversal situation where the person goes against society and says it is now someone else turn to care for them
51
Activity Theory
Psychosocial theory of aging Person determined to stay young and want to go backward do not give in to old age
52
Continuity Theory
Psychosocial theory of aging People remain the same and do not care they are aging - nothing changes they believe
53
Developmental Tasks Theory
Erikson theories Psychosocial theory of aging
54
Gerotranscendence
Psychosocial theory of aging Most seniors follow this people start thinking about what is really significant and meaningful to them, so they care less about tangible things and possessions, and more about relationships and connections meaning of things matter more to them meaning promotes well being to them
55
Psychosocial Theories of Aging Implications for Nursing
nurses play a large role in helping persons experience health, satisfaction and positive experiences therefore, if we view aging as a process that is negative and hopeless we will negatively impact our patients view aging as an opportunity to increase satisfaction and joy
56
Things that Contribute to a Long and Health Life for Older Adults
Diet Activity and Exercise Play and Laughter - release endorphins and remember good times Faith - not about us, about their believes Empowerment - help them have control if family oversteps Stress Management - lots of loss during this time in life (job, people, etc)
57
What is the most important/used level of prevention for Older People?
Tertiary since its often too late for primary and secondary for most current elderly
58
Primary Prevention for Older People
Health Promotion (less realistic but we could prevent falls): Educate about lifestyle injury Prevention Nutritional assessment exercise prescriptions as appropriate avoid tobacco/moderation of alcohol (difficult to get them to stop) limit exposure of carcinogens
59
Secondary Prevention for Older People
Early Diagnosis: Screening and Health Assessments for function, cognition, mood, mobility, pain integrity, QOL, nutrition, neglect/abuse referral for and disease cure MONITOR FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT- VERY IMPORTANT
60
Tertiary Prevention for Older People
The level done most for elders Integrative care model based on all of the data that we get from doing all of the assessments and screening multidisciplinary rehabilitation of physical, occupational, speech, and recreational aspects Short term placement in rehab facilities appropriate service to increase independence - walkers, canes, home health Elders need socialization so recreational therapy is very much needed to get them in groups and activities use PT, recreational therapy, therapy, treatment, etc
61
With older adults its important to do what with services and needs?
Match services to needs!
62
How can we match services to needs
services must address physical, emotional, social, and spiritual factors must consider unique and changing needs care and services must be flexible services MUST BE individualized
63
Ageism
Applying prejudices and stereotypes to older adults due to their age
64
Inner Resource
a strength within the person that can be drawn upon when needed
65
Life Review
a process of reminiscing or reflecting on one's life reflecting to learn from the experiences
66
Retirement
the period in which one no longer works after a while they may feel like its a sad situation since you feel little or no purpose
67
How does Ageism affect society?
Biases against older adults leads to alienation through stereotypes and misconceptions The consequences of ageism include ERODING DIGNITY
68
How do we prevent Ageism?
Need to heighten societal awareness of the realities of aging They DO have stories and knowledge to tell us
69
How do roles change with the elderly?
Children of them may become sandwiched as they have to care for both their parent and their own children Sometimes grandchildren have to take on the role of caring for the elders Spouses often have to care for the other spouse and this can be rough as they are losing a best friend and life partner
70
Important Environmental Safety Measures for Older Adults
lighting temperature colors (vibrant colors since vision declines) scents (don't upset with perfumes or something too strong) floor coverings furniture (no clutter) Sensory stimulation to keep them using it noise control psychosocial considerations fall and restrains (don't use restraints as they can kill - need to reduce fall risk)
71
Interventions for Safety for Older Adults
nutrition and hydration sensory deficit consideration mobility assistance with tools and PT preventing infections medication use cautiously (be aware of polypharmacy!) safe driving (many dread when the doctor takes their license away) early detection of issues

NURS352 - Practice of Nursing 1 (14 decks)

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