Module 1: Intro to Science of Psych Flashcards
Who were the founders of structuralism?
Edward Titchener (trained by Wilhelm Wudnt)
Goal of structuralism
to study conscious experience and its structure
Method of Structuralism
experiments, introspection
Who were the founders of gestalt psych?
Max Wertheimer
Goal of gestalt psych
to describe the organization of mental processes (“the whole is different from the sum of the parts”)
Method of gestalt psych
observation of sensory/perceptual phenomena
Who were the founders of psychoanalysis?
sigmund freud
Goal of psychoanalysis
to explain personality & behavior, to develop techniques for treating mental disorders
Method of psychoanalysis
study of individual cases, thoughts from the unconsciousness
Who were the founders of functionalism?
william james
Goal of functionalism
to study how the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to the environment
Method of functionalism
naturalistic observation of animal and human behavior
Who were the founders of behavioralism?
John B Watson, BF Skinner
Goal of behavioralism
to study only observable behavior and explain behavior via learning principles, science is observable and measurable
Method of behavioralism
observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and overt responses
what is the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches
How we are affected by our unconsciousness
things we aren’t aware of
What is a cognitive approach?
thinking
processes how we take in and store, and use information
what is a humanistic approach?
free will
potential to grow
factors out of our control & how we choose to do what we do
characteristics of biological approach
activity of the nervous system (mainly the brain)
action of hormones and other chemicals
genetics
characteristics of evolutionary approach
ways that behavior and mental processes are adaptive for survival
characteristics of psychodynamic approach
internal conflicts (mainly unconscious) which usually pit sexual or aggressive instincts against environmental obstacles to their expression
characteristics of behavioral approach
learning, each person’s experience with rewards and punishments
characteristics of cognitive approach
mechanisms through which people receive, store, retrieve and otherwise process information
characteristics of humanistic approach
individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior and mental processes
Who was mary whiton calkins?
First female president of the psych association
she worked at a lab at harvard, was not allowed to get the degree there but fought for it insted
what is the personal identity of an individualist?
separate from others
What is the personal identity of the collectivist?
connected to others
What are the major goals of the individualists?
self-defined, be unique, realize your personal potential, compete with others
what are the major goals of the collectivist?
defined by other, belong, occupy your proper place, meet your obligations to others, be like others
