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Sem 2 - SPHY100 - Communication & Development across the Lifespan > Module 1 - Intro to Development - Determinants & factors influencing communication - Frameworks > Flashcards

Module 1 - Intro to Development - Determinants & factors influencing communication - Frameworks Flashcards

1
Q

Typical Development informs: (7)

A

Referral
Assessment
Analysis
Diagnosis
Selecting intervention targets
Intervention
Discharge

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2
Q

Developmental Progress influenced by: (2)

A

Biological Influences (inherent factors - personality)
Environmental Influences (family, opportunities, parenting)

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3
Q

Developmental Domains (5):

A

Cognition (thinking)

Fine Motor (writing, manipulating objects with your hands)

Gross Motor (whole body movement, running, jumping

Socio-emotional (how we manage emotions, build connections)

Communication

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4
Q

Developmental milestones:

A

Skill or ability that is achieved
By most children at a certain age

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5
Q

Developmental Milestones: Set by research -> 2 types

A

Longitudinal studies: subjects are followed over time with continued monitoring

Cross-sectional normative studies: observational studies that analyse data from a population a single point in time

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6
Q

Typical Development for
Receptive Language: 0-3 months

A

0-3 months: focuses on speaker’s face

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7
Q

Typical Development for
Receptive Language: 3-6 months

A

3-6 months: turns to a familiar voice

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8
Q

Typical Development for
Receptive Language: 9-12 months

A

9-12 months: follows routine commands

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9
Q

Typical Development for
Receptive Language: 2-3 years

A

2-3 years: understand more complex sentences

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10
Q

Typical Development for
Receptive Language: 4-6 years

A

4-6 years: understand past & future events

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11
Q

Typical Development for
Expressive Language: 0-3 months

A

0-3 months: discomfort cries

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12
Q

Typical Development for
Expressive Language:4-9 months

A

4-9 months: babbling

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13
Q

Typical Development for
Expressive Language: 12-15 months

A

12-15 months: first words

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14
Q

Typical Development for
Expressive Language: 2-3 years

A

2-3 years: phrases/ short sentences

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15
Q

Typical Development for
Expressive Language: 4-6 years

A

4-6 years: sentences with mostly correct grammar

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16
Q

Normal Distribution curve: tells us ___

A

Normal distribution curve tells us what is expected at different ages

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17
Q

6 determinants of health factors:

A

Behavioural
Environmental
Social
Genetic / Biology
Cultural
Gender / sex

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18
Q

Behavioural Determinants of health: Broad

A

Lifestyle choices
What we eat
How we move
If we drink or smoke
How we rest
How and whom we interact with

19
Q

Behavioural factors influence communication: how examples

A

Regular reading -> broadens vocabulary
Less shouting, drinking, straining voice -> affects vocal nodules
Speech therapy home practice -> affects communication progress

20
Q

Environmental Determinants (Factors) of Health: Broad

A

Poor water & air quality
Inadequate sanitation & waste disposal
Unsafe food (adequacy of food supply)
Substandard housing
Communicable diseases - measles, STI/blood born viruses
Climate events - floods, fires, cyclones
Conflict & political instability

21
Q

Environmental Factors influencing communication: examples

A

Number of books in the home, amount child is read to
Language stimulation strategies used by parent (more or less facilitative language)
Parent interaction styles (direct vs responsive)
Trauma / neglect
Attendance at high quality, stimulating childcare

22
Q

Social determinants of health: Broad

A

Socioeconomic position (income, education, employment)
housing

23
Q

Social Factors influencing communication: examples

A

Less income -> Cannot afford SP services
More transient -> less connected to social services & community
Parent literacy difficulties -> unable to read to their children
Less income -> unable to purchase books & toys
(poverty, safety, unstable housing) -> increase in stress -> less brain capacity for learning

24
Q

Biological, genetic & Epigenetic determinants: Broad ex

A

Inherited health conditions from genetics: eg cancer genes

25
Q

Biology / genetics influence communication

A

Speech & language difficulties can run in families
Genetic syndromes (eg. Down syndrome where speech & language difficulties are commonly seen)
Hearing impairment
Craniofacial abnormalities (cleft palate)

26
Q

Cultural factors influencing communication: examples

A

Distrust in health service -> decrease in access
Interpreters not available -> decrease in access
Cultural attitudes towards disability -> reluctant to refer for services
Exposure to 2 languages -> influence types of vocabulary used in different contexts

27
Q

How does gender & sex influence communication?

A

Males are more likely to have speech difficulties and increase in adhd

28
Q

3 important frameworks

A

Language domains
EBP
Simple model of communication

29
Q

3 aspects of Pragmatics Model

A

Verbal Aspects
Paralinguistics Aspects
Non-verbal aspects

30
Q

Verbal Aspects (5):
(Pragmatics Model)

A

Speech acts
Questions, commands, statements

Topic
Selection, introduction, maintenance, change

Turn-taking
Initiation, response, repair, pause time, conciseness

Lexical selection
Cohesion, specificity / accuracy

Varying communication style
Formal/ informal in different contects

31
Q

Paralinguistic Aspects (6)
(Pragmatics Model)

A
  • Intelligibility: Vocal intensity /
  • volume (angry or not)
  • Vocal quality
  • Prosody / intonation (eg. Question or statement)
  • Fluency
  • Stress (different meanings with different stressed words)
32
Q

Nonverbal Aspects (7)

A

Physical proximity
Physical contact
Body posture
Foot/leg and hand/arm movement
Facial expression
Eye gaze
Gestures

Culturally & contextually influenced

33
Q

Personal Factors (5)
(ICF Framework)
** think about changeable & unchangeable factors

A

Age
Gender
Cultural Identity
Personal Preferences
Personal Attributes
Language
Coping style
Education level

34
Q

Environmental Factors (5):
Physical, social, attitudinal:
(ICF)

Can act as facilitators or barriers

A

Product & technology
Natural environment/ physical
Support and relationships/ social
Attitudes: individual, family or societal
Services systems & policies

35
Q

Physical Environment
** can be facilitators or barriers***

A

Lighting
Acoustic environment
Humidity & temp
Setting & furniture placement
Written information
Availability of AAC (Depends on client)

36
Q

Lighting

A

What type of light is around you (e.g. natural)? How is it positioned (e.g. behind you)?

37
Q

Acoustic environment

A

Is there (excessive) noise or background noise around you? Does the space you’re in have a lot of hard surfaces? Is it square or rectangular in shape?

38
Q

Humidity & temp

A

Is the temperature stable or changing? Are there irritants in the air? Do you feel comfortable?

39
Q

Setting & furniture placement

A

Are you in a familiar or unfamiliar environment? Is there much/any stimuli (e.g. visual or acoustic distractions) in your immediate environment?

40
Q

Written Information

A

Is there any written communication around you? What size is the font? How long are the sentences? Are there graphics? Is pen and paper readily accessible?

41
Q

Availability of AAC

A

Availability of AAC

This section may or may not be relevant as AAC (both low tech AAC and high tech AAC) should be tailored to the needs of the person concerned. However as you observe your setting - take note of what could be classified as AAC e.g. pictures, visual cues, schedules.

42
Q

Contextual factors
(ICF)

A

Environmental + personal factors

43
Q

AAC:

A

Augmentative & Alternative Communication
Eg. Sign language, computer or device
When someone uses something other than speech to communicate

Sem 2 - SPHY100 - Communication & Development across the Lifespan (2 decks)

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