Module 1 - Intro To Clinical Medicine Flashcards
Cytology
The study of the body at the cellular level
Body cell functions
Utilizing food
Eliminating waste
Reproducing
What is enclosed in the cell membrane
Cytoplasm and nucleus
Types of tissue in the body
(4) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
epithelial tissue
covers surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides secreting portions of glands, makes up the skin's epidermis
connective tissue
supports and connects other tissues and organs , comprises diverse cell types inc. fibroblasts, fat, blood cells
muscle tissue
provides body’s contractile tissue, responsible for movement
nervous tissue
transmits electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the body
organ
body structure that performs specialized function, composed of at least 2 or more tissue types
system
comprised of varying numbers of organs and accessory structures that have a similar/related function
Organism
the highest level of organization, a complete living entity capable of independent existence
3 components of cells
cell membrane, nucleus, and between the both of them there is a cytoplasm
categories of body membranes
epithelial tissue membranes and connective tissue membranes
body membranes
thin sheets of tissue covering the body, lining body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities of hollow organs
subcategories of body membranes
mucous, serous, synovial, meninges
homeostasis
a state of balance within the body
integumentary system
- barrier to invading organisms and chemicals, temperature control
- skin, hair, subcutaneous tissue
skeletal system
- supports + moves the body, protects internal organs, mineral storage, blood formation
- bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow
muscular system
- locomotion, heat production
2. muscles, tendons
nervous system
- coordinates activities of other organ systems, responds to sensations
- brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears
endocrine system
- regulates body functions via chemicals (hormones)
2. pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, thymus, pancreas, gonads
cardiovascular system
- transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, removes waste products
- heart, blood, blood vessels
lymphatic system
- returns tissue fluid to blood, defends against foreign organisms
- spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, lymphatic vessels
respiratory system
- oxygen/CO2 exchange
2. lungs, trachea, larynx, nasal cavities, pharynx
digestive system
- processes foods, absorption of nutrients into the body
2. stomach, esophagus, intestinal tract, liver, pancreas, salivary glands
urinary system
- elimination of wastes, regulates pH and volume of blood
2. kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra
reproductive system
- produces germ cells ( egg and sperm), environment for growth of the fetus (in females)
- ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, testes, prostate gland, external genitalia
vital organs (5)
brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs
brain
body’s control center - receiving and sending signals to other organs through the nervous system and through secreted hormones, responsible for our thoughts, feelings, memory storage and general perception of the world
heart
responsible for pumping blood throughout our body
kidneys
removes waste and extra fluid from the blood, take urea out of the blood and combine it with water and other substances to make urine
liver
detoxifying harmful chemicals, breakdown of drugs, filtering of blood, secretion of bile, production of blood-clotting proteins
lungs
responsible for removing oxygen from the air we breathe and transferring it to our blood where it can be sent to our cells, lungs also remove co2 which we exhale
chemicals bond together to form
molecules
molecules bond together to form
cells
cells with similar structure and function join together to create
tissue
tissue joins together to form
organs
organs group together to form _ that work together to perform a specific job in the body
organ system
systems function together to create an
organism
nervous tissue (3)
of the brain, spinal cord, nerves
muscle tissue (3)
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle
epithelial tissue (2)
skin surface (epidermis) lining of gi tract organs and other hollow organs
connective tissue (3)
bone, tendon, and fat and other soft padding tissue
