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ELECS > MODULE 1: Intro and Fundamentals of vacuum tubes > Flashcards

MODULE 1: Intro and Fundamentals of vacuum tubes Flashcards

1
Q

It is the technology based on the behavior and properties and controls of electrons

A

electronics

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2
Q

is the premier nanoprocessing and nanotechnology journal focusing on fabrication of electrnic, photonic, bielectronic, electro mechanic and fluidic devices

A

mircoelectronics

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3
Q

a branch of electronics in which electronic instruments and equipment are used for such medical application

A

biomedical electronics

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4
Q

the process of analyzing and modifying
a signal to optimize or improve its efficiency or performance. It involves
applying various mathematical and computational algorithms to analog and
digital signals to produce a signal that’s of higher quality than the
original signal.

A

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

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5
Q

is the field of electrical engineering, and now to some
extent computer engineering and information technology, which deals
with radio and television broadcasting.

A

BROADCAST ENGINEERING

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6
Q

involves both
the studio end and the transmitter end (the entire airchain), as well as remote
broadcasts.

A

BROADCAST ENGINEERING

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7
Q

is the branch
of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It is the application
of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology.

A

ACOUSTICAL ENGINEERING OR ACOUSTIC ENGG

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8
Q

____________ engineers are typically concerned with the design, analysis and control of
sound.

A

ACOUSTIC ENGINEER

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9
Q

helps to produce a recording or a performance, editing and
adjusting sound tracks using equalization and audio effects, mixing,
reproduction, and reinforcement of sound.

A

AUDIO OR VOCAL OR RECORDING ENGG

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10
Q

is a technology professional who has the necessary skills to
plan, implement and oversee the computer networks that support in-house
voice, data, video and wireless network services.

A

NETWORK ENGINEER

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11
Q

is a discipline founded around the
exchange of information across channels via wired or wireless means. It brings
together all of the elements of electrical engineering, including
computer engineering and system engineering, to create and
improve telecommunication systems.

A

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

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12
Q

A field of electronics that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge
and skills to assemble, install, operate, maintain, and repair
electrical/electronic equipment used in industry and manufacturing.

A

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

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13
Q

is a multidisciplinary field of science that includes a
combination of mechanical engineering, electronics, computer engineering,
telecommunications engineering, systems engineering and control
engineering.

A

MECHATRONICS

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14
Q

A
typical ___________ system picks up signals from the environment, processes
them to generate output signals, transforming them for example into forces,
motions and actions.

A

MECHATRONIC

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15
Q

is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design,
manufacture, and operation of robots.

A

ROBOTCS

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16
Q

Give Asimov’s three laws of robotics

A
  1. Robots must never harm human beings.
  2. Robots must follow instructions from humans without violating rule 1.
  3. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules.
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17
Q

It is a basic electronic element that is available
in a discrete form that has two or more
electrical terminals.

A

ELECTRONIC COMPONENT

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18
Q

What are the two classification of electronic components

A

Passive and active devices

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19
Q

These are components incapable of controlling current

by means of another electrical signal.

A

PASSIVE DEVICES

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20
Q

Give examples of passive devices (prcitd)

A

Resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and even

diodes

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21
Q

any type of circuit component with
the ability to electrically control electron flow
(electricity controlling electricity).

A

ACTIVE DEVICES

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22
Q

GIVE EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE DEVICES

A

vacuum
tubes, transistors, silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs),
and TRIACs.

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23
Q

Devices utilizing a static voltage as the controlling

signal are called _________

A

voltage-controlled devices.

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24
Q

Devices working on the principle of one current

controlling another current are known AS _____

A

current controlled

devices.

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25
Q

Derived from the Greek word “atomos”,

meaning “indivisible”

A

ATOM

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26
Q

It is the tiny basic building block of all
matters.
Electronics

A

ATOM

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27
Q

Proposed by Sir Joseph John Thomson in 1904

A

THOMSON MODEL OR PLUM PUDDING

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28
Q

J. J. Thomson considered that the structure of an
atom is something like a _____, so that his
atomic model is sometimes called the _______

A

RAISIN, RAISIN BREAD MODEL

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29
Q

He assumed that the basic body of an atom is a
spherical object containing electrons confined in
homogeneous jellylike but relatively massive
positive charge distribution.

A

JJ THOMSON

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30
Q

Proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 (GIVE 2 TERMS)

A

RUTHERFORD MODEL OR PLANETARY MODEL

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31
Q

electric charge in an atom is not distributed over
the whole area of the atom but concentrates in a
small area, he called the nucleus. (WHAT MODEL)

A

PLANETARY MODEL

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32
Q

He published his atomic theory describing the
atom as having a central positive nucleus
surrounded by negative orbiting electrons.

A

RUTHERFORD

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33
Q

This model suggested that most of the mass of the
atom was contained in the small nucleus, and that
the rest of the atom was mostly empty space.

A

PLANETARY OR RUTHERFORD MODEL

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34
Q

Proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913
• Modification of the Rutherford Model
• Each orbit has a corresponding amount of energy
Electronics Engineering

A

BOHR MODEL

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35
Q

depicts the atom as a small,
positively charged nucleus surrounded by
electrons that travel in circular orbits around the
nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system,
but with electrostatic forces providing attraction,
rather than gravity.

A

BOHR MODEL

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36
Q

The _______ model is a quantum-physics–based

modification of the Rutherford model.

A

BOHR

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37
Q

In Bohr’s model, energy levels are _________.

Only specific discrete energy levels are possible.

A

QUANTIZED

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38
Q

When electrons orbit the nucleus in more distant

orbits, they have ______ total energy.

A

MORE

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39
Q

The lowest energy level is the _____ state, and
higher energy levels are the first, second, etc.,
______ states.

A

GROUND, EXCITED

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40
Q

There are fractional energy levels. TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

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41
Q

Electrons can jump up or down between energy
levels, but can have energy values between
the allowed energy levels. TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE (CAN HAVE)

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42
Q

Discovered by Sir Joseph John Thomson in April

30, 1897

A

ELECTRONS

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43
Q

Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919

A

PROTONS

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44
Q

Discovered by Sir James Chadwick in 1932

A

NEUTRON

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45
Q

Has a mass approximately equal (but slightly
heavier) to that of a proton but has no electric
charge

A

NEUTRON

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46
Q 
MP = \_\_\_\_ME
MN = \_\_\_\_\_ ME
A

1837,1839

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47
Q

Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, which
is the same as the number of electrons in an
electrically balanced (neutral) atom

A

ATOMIC NUMBER

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48
Q

Equal to the sum of the number of protons and

neutrons of an atom

A

ATOMIC MASS

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49
Q

Each orbital shell must be filled with a

maximum number of 2n2 electrons

A

2N^2

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50
Q

Loose electrons found in the outermost orbit of an

atom

A

VALENCE ELECTRONS

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51
Q

Indicate how easily the atom can gain or lose

electrons

A

VALENCE ELECTRONS

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52
Q

A substance, body or material which has more

electrons that are free to move.

A

CONDUCTOR

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53
Q

the released
electron dislodged from its
original shell due to
absorption of energy

A

Free Electron

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54
Q

the term used to refer to the vacancy left by
free electron when it departs from its original shell;
it usually behaves like a positive charge since it
can attract and capture electron in the immediate
vicinity

A

HOLE

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55
Q

A substance, body or material which has a
characteristic that is extremely opposite to
that of a conductor with more than four
valence electrons but ideally, it has ______valence
electrons.

A

INSULATOR, 8

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56
Q

the term for eight valence

electrons because they are tightly held by the atoms

A

Bound Electrons

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57
Q

A substance, body or material which has a
characteristic in between a conductor and
insulator, and has four valence electrons.

A

Semiconductor

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58
Q

A semiconductor in its pure (intrinsic) state is

neither a good conductor nor a good insulator. T OR F

A

TRUE

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59
Q

The most common single-element

semiconductors are _______

A

silicon, germanium and

carbon.

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60
Q

Compound semiconductors such as

_______are also commonly used.

A

gallium arsenide

61
Q

Threshold Voltage OF SILICON

A

0.7v

62
Q

Threshold Voltage OF germanium

A

0.3v

63
Q

The farther the electron is from the nucleus, the

_____is the energy state, and

A

higher

64
Q

any electron that
has left its parent atom has a_____energy state
than any electron in the atomic structure.

A

higher

65
Q

It is the energy difference between the

conduction band and valence band.

A

ENERGY GAP

66
Q

It is the energy required to move or transfer a
valence electron at the valence band to the
conduction band

A

ENERGY GAP

67
Q

EG OF INSULATOR

A

Eg >5eV

68
Q

EG OF CONDUCTOR

A

Eg = 0 V

69
Q

Eg of silicon

A

Eg = 1.1 eV

70
Q

Eg of Ge

A

Eg = 0.67 eV

71
Q

Eg of GaAs

A

Eg = 1.43 eV

72
Q 
Also known as electrical potential difference,
electromotive force (emf) or electric pressure
A

VOLTAGE

73
Q

VOLTAGE IS NAMED AFTER ___

A

ALESSANDRO VOLTA

74
Q

It is defined as the quantitative expression of the
potential difference in charge between two points in
an electric field.

A

VOLTAGE

75
Q

The greater the voltage, the LOWER the flow of
electric current through a conducting or
semiconducting medium for a given resistance to the
flow.
Electronics

A

FALSE

76
Q

CURRENT IS NAMED AFTER ____

A

ANDRE MARIE AMPERE

77
Q

It is the flow of electric charges.

A

CURRENT

78
Q

It is defined as the quantity of charge carriers

that pass a fixed point per unit of time.

A

CURRENT

79
Q

RESISTANCE IS NAMED AFTER ____

A

GEORGE SIMON OHM

80
Q

It is the quantitative expression of the opposition to

the passage of an electric current through a conductor.

A

RESISTANCE

81
Q

It states that the current through a conductor between
two points is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the two points, and inversely
proportional to the resistance through it.

A

Ohm’s LAW

82
Q

Also colloquially known as Wattage

A

POWER

83
Q

It is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by

an electric circuit.

A

POWER

84
Q

The real measure of electric shock’s
intensity lies in the amount of ______
forced through the body, and not the
voltage.

A

CURRENT

85
Q

Any amount of current over ____
milliamperes is
capable of producing painful
to severe shock.

A

10

86
Q

Currents between ____mA and
___ mA ) are
LETHAL!
Electronics

A

100, 200

87
Q

The liberation of electrons from an electrode into
the surrounding space, usually under the
influence of heat, light, or a high electric field.

A

Electronic Emission

88
Q

It is the force that restrains the emission of

electrons.

A

Potential Barrier

89
Q

It is the process of emitting electrons by supplying

heat energy.

A

Thermionic Emission

90
Q

It is the process by which charge carriers, such as
electrons, move over a surface or over a potentialenergy
barrier by applying thermal energy in order
to overcome the binding potential of the material.

A

Thermionic Emission

91
Q

In ________, electrons gain sufficient
energy to escape from the metal electrode and
become free electrons.
Electronics

A

Thermionic Emission

92
Q

It is the process of emitting electrons wherein the
energy of light radiation falling upon the metal
surface is transferred to the free electrons within the
metal and speeds up sufficiently to enable them to
leave the surface.

A

Photoelectric Emission

93
Q

In Photoelectric Emission, the emission of electrons is dependent on the
_______ striking the metal surface.
Electronics

A

intensity of light

94
Q

A strong electric field set up by a high positive

voltage pulls the electrons out of the cathode surface.

A

Field Emission

95
Q

When a high-speed electron strikes a metallic
surface they give up their kinetic energy to the
electrons and atoms which they strike.

A

Secondary Emission

96
Q

Bombarding electrons collide with the electrons in
the metal consequently ejecting them out of the
surface. what type of emission is this?

A

Secondary Emission

97
Q

It is also known as “electron

tube”.

A

VACUUM TUBE

98
Q

Vacuum tube is an electronic device which
consists of an ______
structure enclosed in a _______ or _____ container that is
evacuated.

A

ELECTRODE

GLASS OR METAL

99
Q

It is the flow of current through a
laboratory vacuum, between two metal
wires, one of which is heated.

A

EDISON EFFECT

100
Q

The current flows only when the heated
wire is______ because it is carried
by free electrons released from the wire by
its heat.

A

more negative,

101
Q

It is the principle behind vacuum tubes.

A

EDISON EFFECT

102
Q

VACUUM TUBES CONTAINS TWO PARTS. IDENTIFY THE PARTS

A

CATHODE AND ANODE

103
Q

the electrode that emits electrons

A

CATHODE

104
Q

the electrode that collects the emitted electrons

A

ANODE/PLATE

105
Q

has a positive potential applied with respect to the
cathode, so that the emitted electrons are attracted to
provide plate current

A

ANODE/PLATE

106
Q 
After the tube is assembled, \_\_\_\_\_ is exhausted from
the envelope (vacuum).
A

AIR

107
Q

Among the methods of electron emission,
______ emission is most commonly used in
vacuum tubes.

A

THERMINOC

108
Q

MENTION THE 4 TYPES OF EMISSION

A

THERMIONIC, PHOTOELECTRIC, FIELD, SECONDARY

109
Q

electric current is applied to a
filament wire, which also serves as the cathode; the
emitter is usually made of either tungsten or oxidecoated
material

A

DIRECT HEATING

110
Q

the cathode is electrically

heated by a separate heater element located inside it

A

IDIRECT HEATING

111
Q

changes its ac input to pulsating dc output

A

Rectifier

112
Q

generates ac output from its power supply,

without any ac input signal

A

Oscillator

113
Q

amplifies its input signal

A

Amplifier

114
Q

give the uses of vacuum tubes

A

amplifier, rectifier, oscillator

115
Q

invented by J.A. Fleming in 1904

A

DIODE

116
Q

DIODE IS ALSO CALLED AS

A

Fleming Valve or Thermionic

Valve

117
Q

simplest type of vacuum tube that consists
of two metal electrodes: the plate/anode and
the cathode

A

DIODE

118
Q

Electrons are emitted from the cathode by

supplying heat either directly or indirectly. WHAT TYPE OR VAUUM TUBE

A

DIODE

119
Q

IN A DIODE, During the heating process, a cloud of free
electrons called ______ is formed near
the cathode.

A

SPACE CHARGE

120
Q

in forward biased, the vacuum tube diode acts like

a ____ switch or a ____ circuit.

A

CLOSED, SHORT

121
Q

if the voltage at the plate is made
negative with respect to the cathode, free
electrons are pushed back to the cathode
and no current flows, like an open-circuit.

A

REVERSED BIASED

122
Q

By applying a positive voltage to the plate
with respect to the cathode, the free electrons
repelled by the cathode are attracted towards
the plate.

A

FORWARD BIASED

123
Q

Due to the nature of the vacuum tube diode
to conduct current in a particular direction
and act as an open circuit when impressed
with a voltage of the other direction, it is
used as a ____

A

rectifier

124
Q

It is the minimum point at which
the tube no longer operates.
Below, this value, no plate current
flows.

A

cutoff point

125
Q

it is the maximum point wherein
raising the plate voltage no longer
increases the plate current

A

Saturation Point

126
Q

It was invented by Dr. Lee De Forest in 1906

A

triode

127
Q

another term for triode

A

De Forest Tube.

128
Q

It is a device that provides amplification and it is

considered as the first amplifier.

A

triode

129
Q

It is similar in construction to the vacuum tube

diode except that a third electrode, called _______, is placed between the cathode and the plate.

A

triode, control grid

130
Q

current in the _____
could be controlled by adjusting the grid potential
with respect to the cathode.

A

triode

131
Q

This device was found to be capable of amplifying

small signal voltages

A

triode

132
Q

The potential applied to the control grid is
usually a ______ voltage with respect
to the cathode.

A

small negative

133
Q

The grid voltage is usually made ____ so

that it cannot attract electrons.

A

negative

134
Q

The function of the _______ is not to provide
current but to have its voltage control the plate
current.

A

CONTROL GRID

135
Q 
number of electrons at
the grid is equal to the
number of positive
charges at the plate,
hence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

NO CURRENT WILL FLOW

136
Q

Less negative grid voltage ______ the plate

current.

A

increases

137
Q

More negative grid voltage ______the plate

current.

A

decreases

138
Q

If the grid voltage is made negative enough, there

WILL BE OR NO plate current even with the plate positive.

A

NO PLATE CURRENT

139
Q

The ability of the ______ to vary the plate

current makes the triode amplify small AC signal.

A

CONTROL GRID

140
Q

Any two conductors in space have a capacitance
between them. Thus, a capacitance exists between
each pair of electrodes in a vacuum tube.

A

INTERELECTRODE CAPACITANCES

141
Q

They are also called stray or parasitic

capacitances.

A

INTERELECTRODE CAPACITANCES

142
Q

The addition of another grid, called _______,

reduces the grid-to-plate stray capacitance.

A

screen grid

143
Q

The screen grid is placed between the ______and the ____and is close to the_____

A

control grid, plate, plate

144
Q

It is not used to control the plate current but
has a steady positive dc voltage to help
accelerate electrons to be collected by the
plate.

A

control grid

145
Q

______ emission occurs in tetrode

A

Secondary

146
Q 
It is simply a vacuum tube
tetrode with an additional
electrode called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inserted between the
screen grid and the plate to
overcome the undesirable
effects of secondary emission.
A

pentode, suppressor grid

147
Q

Usually, the suppressor grid is connected

internally to the _____

A

cathode

148
Q

first electronic generalpurpose

computer

A

Electronic Numerical

Integrator and Computer

149
Q

Disadvantages of Vacuum Tubes

A

Bulky

  • High power consumption
  • High operating voltages required
  • Less suitable for portable products

ELECS (4 decks)

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