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Tour 116: EcoTour > Module 1: Intro > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define Tourism (UNWTO, 2001)

A

The activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

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2
Q
  • set out to be consistent w/ natural, social, and community values
  • both hosts and guests to enjoy positive and worthwhile interactions and shared experiences
A

Alternative Tourism

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3
Q

Promotes radically different approaches to conventional tourism

A

Alternative Tourism

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4
Q

Define Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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5
Q

The existence of ecological and social conditions necessary to support human life at a certain level of well-being through future generations

A

Sustainability

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6
Q

Evolution:

A 
Evolution:
1965 - Hetzer
1987 - Ceballos-Lascurian
1990 - Butler / IES
1991 - Wheeler
1994 - National Ecotourism Strategy for Australia
1997 - Björk
2001 - Weaver
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7
Q

NATURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Defined EcoTourism: Referred to a form of tourism based on natural and archaeological resources (such as caves and fossil sites)

A

Hetzer

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8
Q

Hetzer identifies four normative principles

A
  1. Minimum environmental impact
  2. Minimum impact on (and maximum respect for) host cultures
  3. Maximum economic benefits to host communities
  4. Maximum recreational satisfaction to participating tourists
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9
Q

Ceballos-Lascurain defined EcoTourism

A

Involves traveling to relatively undisturbed and uncontaminated natural areas with the specific object of STUDYING, ADMIRING, and ENJOYING the scenery and it wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations (both past and present) found in these areas

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10
Q

To designate forms of ecological tourism

A

Turisimo ecologico (1981)

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11
Q

Used in discussions in his capacity as President of PRONATURA and Director-General of SEDUE

A

Ecoturisimo (1983)

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12
Q

Date:

Ecotourism, first appearance in written form

A

1984

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13
Q

First appearance of ecotourism in written form

A

March-April edition of American Birds as an advertisement for one of his tourist operations

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14
Q

CL’s definition first appeared where and when?

A

The Future of Ecotourismo, 1987

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15
Q

PROTECTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

Defined EcoTourism: Contributes to the protection of natural environments,
conservation of endangered species,
the creation of employment,
and the empowerment of communities

A

Butler

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16
Q

IMPROVES WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE

Defined EcoTourism: Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of people

A

International Ecotourism Society

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17
Q

ELABORATE STRATEGY

Defined EcoTourism: Viewed alternative forms of tourism as an elaborate strategy and effective marketing tool for building further tourism demand

A

Wheeler

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18
Q

INVOLVES EDUCATION AND INTERPRETATIONS

Defined EcoTourism: Nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretations of the natural environment, and is managed to be ecologically sustainable

A

National Ecotourism Strategy for Australia

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19
Q

PEOPLE COOPERATE

Define EcoTourism: activity where authorities, tourism industry, tourists, local people cooperate to make it possible for tourists to travel to genuine areas in order to admire, study, and enjoy the nature and culture in a way that does not exploit the resources, but contributes to sustainable development

A

Björk

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20
Q

FOSTERS LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Defined EcoTourism: fosters learning experiences and appreciation of the natural environment, or some component thereof, within its associated cultural context

A

Weaver

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21
Q

LOW-IMPACT, NON-CONSUMPTIVE, & LOCALLY-ORIENTED

Defined EcoTourism: sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that focuses on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally-oriented

A

Fennell

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22
Q

Date:

Ecologists/Envi’lists - concerned over inappropriate use of natural resources

A

1960’s

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23
Q

Date:

Ecotourism as a reaction to negative consequences of tourism dev’t

A

1970’s

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24
Q

Developed a set of road-based ‘ecotours’ along the Trans-Canada Highway

A

Environment Canada

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25
Q

Date:
Environment Canada
Developing countries identified ecotourism as achieving both conservation and dev’t goals

A

1980’s

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26
Q

Date:

Ecotourism became the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry worldwide

A

1990’s

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27
Q

Date:
Ecotourism is celebrated by IYE
Organized the WES in Quebec

A

2002

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28
Q

What is IYE

A

International Year of Ecotourism

29
Q

What is WES

A

World Ecotourism Summit

30
Q

mandated UNEP and UNWTO to organize a range of events

A

UN Resolution 53/200

31
Q

What is UNEP

A

UN Environment Programme

32
Q

UNEP reported successful outcomes:

A

a. Ecotourism Policy
b. Ecotourism and sustainable development
c. Ecotourism as a global economic driver
d. Global network of specialists and practitioners
e. The Quebec Declaration on Ecotourism

33
Q

stimulated large-scale ecotourism dev’t initiatives

A

IYE

34
Q

Criticized due to fears of accelerated exploitation of virgin natural areas

A

IYE

35
Q

Claims that everything in nature is waster until people transform it into usable thingd

A

Locke (1841)

36
Q

are replaced with infrastructures for human benefit/utility

A

Vital ecosystems

37
Q

Identified two primary ways value is assessed in Western societies

A

Godfrey-Smith (1980)

38
Q

Two primary ways value is assessed in Western societies

A

Instrumental Value

Intrinsic Value

39
Q

an ethic of ‘use’

value being a means to a valued end

A

Instrumental Value

40
Q

an ethic ‘of’ nature

value that exists in its own right, for its own sake

A

Intrinsic Value

41
Q

Godfrey-Smith’s justification in four categories

A
  1. Cathedral Argument
  2. Silo Argument
  3. Laboratory Argument
  4. Gymnasium Argument
42
Q

valued for providing spiritual revival and aesthetic delight

A

Cathedral Argument

43
Q

valued for its stockpile of genetic diversity

A

Silo Argument

44
Q

valued for scientific inquiry

A

Laboratory Argument

45
Q

valued for tourism and recreation

A

Gymnasium Argument

46
Q

Principles/Characteristics of EcoTourism

A
  1. Nature-based
  2. Conservation-led
  3. Has local and regional benefits
  4. Has an educative role
47
Q

Functions of Tourism

A
  1. Protection of natural areas
  2. Education
  3. Generation of benefits
  4. Quality tourism experiences
  5. Local participation
48
Q

travel to naturally beautiful areas as do nature tourists, but it should result to local benefits

A

Ecotourist

49
Q

primary motivation of ecotourists

A

nature, for furthering knowledge and awareness of nature

50
Q

ecotourists are usually viewed as?

A

outdoor enthusiasts who are older(35-54yo), affluent, highly educated, have free time

51
Q

According to him, ecotourists can be allocated into 3 principal groups

A

Kusler (1991)

52
Q

Tour Characteristics

A
  1. Do-It-Yourself Ecotourists
  2. Ecotourists on Tours
  3. School/Scientific Groups
  4. Hardcore
  5. Dedicated
  6. Mainstream
  7. Casual
  8. Light Green
  9. Dark Green
53
Q

largest number of visitors

A

DIY Ecotourists

54
Q

high degree of organization, often trips to exotic locations

A

Ecotourists on Tours

55
Q

expedition/scientific research accompany the visit

A

School/Scientific Groups

56
Q

Scientific Researchers/Members of Tours SPECIFICALLY designed for education, environmental restoration, or similar purposes

A

Hardcore

57
Q

take trips to specifically visit protected areas,

want to understand local natural and cultural history

A

Dedicated

58
Q

visit popular destination

A

Mainstream

59
Q

partake of natural incidentally such as through day trip during a broader vacation

A

Casual

60
Q

interested in sustainability and undertake efforts to behave in an environmentally-responsible manner, however, COMFORT OVER CONSERVATION

A

Light Green

61
Q

make significant commitment to environmentally-responsible behavior and put CONSERVATION BEFORE COMFORT

A

Dark Green

62
Q

Actors in the Ecotourism System

A 
Ecotourists
Destination areas and their managers
Organizations
Host Populations
Local and National Governments
Tourism Businesses
63
Q

travel to experience unspoiled natural areas and for educational purposes

A

Ecotourists

64
Q

including both public and private facilities

A

Destination areas and their managers

65
Q

use ecotourism for community involvement and dev’t

A

Organizations

66
Q

interest is based on positive impacts ecotourism has on their well-being

A

Host Population

67
Q

are strategic planners and policy-makers

A

Local and National Government

68
Q

maybe local, inbound and outbound operators, and accommodation providers

A

Tourism Businesses

Tour 116: EcoTour (3 decks)

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