Module 1: Intro

Question 1

In computing, a client can be…

Answer 1

• a web browser or
• desktop application that a person interacts with to make requests to computer servers.

Question 2

What’s a server?

Answer 2

• A server is a powerful computer or system that serves other computers, users, and devices on a network with the management of data, storage, and files. It evaluates all the request that comes in and seeks to respond quickly.
• A computer or a system that :
  provides services or resources to other computers, devices, or users on a network.
• A computer or a system that:
  handles and manages various tasks, data, or applications for multiple users, computers or devices.
• Just like a busy office assistant, a server is a powerful computer that handles tasks, manages data (papers and files), assists many co-workers (users/devices), and responds promptly to keep everything running smoothly. This analogy simplifies the concept for easier memorization.

Question 3

What’s a server designed to do?

Answer 3

A server is designed to:
respond to requests and fulfill tasks or functions required by clients or other networked devices.

Question 4

Suppose a client makes a request for a news article, the score in an online game, or a funny video. What does the server do?

Answer 4

The server evaluates the details of this request and fulfills it by returning the information to the client.

Question 5

Amazon Elastic compute cloud EC2 long definition

Answer 5

Amazon defines Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) as

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable cloud compute capacity, allowing you to run virtual servers known as instances in a flexible and cost-effective manner, forming the foundation for cloud-based solutions.

It’s designed to make web-scale cloud computing easier for developers.

You can choose the instance type and configuration that best suits your needs, and you can easily scale up or down based on your computing requirements.

. Essentially, it provides you with on-demand access to computing resources over the internet, making it flexible and scalable for various applications and workloads.

Question 6

Define Instances

Answer 6

Instances: These are like virtual computers you create in Amazon EC2.

When you set up an instance, you’re essentially creating a virtual server with specific features, such as how much CPU (brain for a computer) power it has, how much memory it has, and how much storage it has.

These virtual servers can be configured to meet the specific needs of your applications and workloads in a flexible and cost-effective manner.

You can think of instances as your virtual computers in the cloud.

So, in simple terms:

• “Instances” are your virtual computers that you create and configure.

Question 7

Define Compute Capacity

Answer 7

Compute Capacity: refers to the physical resources that support those virtual servers (instances). It’s like the actual hardware, the physical servers, and the infrastructure that exist in Amazon’s data centers. These physical resources provide the power needed to run your virtual servers (instances).

Technically

• “Compute capacity” is the real, physical power that makes those virtual computers work.

Instances use the compute capacity to run your applications and services in the cloud

Question 8

Define EC2

Answer 8

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, or EC2, an EC2 instance, a virtual server.

Question 9

Define Cloud computing

Answer 9

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources (like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and more) over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

Question 10

What is Morgan the server called in AWS?

Answer 10

Morgan represents the server part of the client-server model. In AWS, she would be called an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, or EC2, an EC2 instance, a virtual server.

I, the user, made a request to Morgan, the server who

Morgan validated that the request was legitimate, in this case, did I give her money? Then she returned a response, which in this case, is a berry blaster with extra caramel shots.

Question 11

AWS offers a massive range of services for every business, can you name them?

Answer 11

AWS offers a massive range of services for every business,

• starting with basic elements, like compute, storage, and network security tools,
• through complex solutions like blockchain, machine learning, or artificial intelligence, and robot development platforms,
• all the way through very specialized tool sets, like video production management systems, and orbital satellites you can rent by the minute.

Question 12

How is Morgan the server?

Answer 12

Let’s make Morgan the server, the barista. And I am the client, the customer. I make a request. In this case, it is for coffee. Now in the computing world, the request could be anything. It could be rain pattern analysis in South Africa, or the latest x-rays of your knee, or videos of kittens.

Whatever is the business, basically a customer makes a request, and with permissions, the server responds to that request. All I want is a caffeinated beverage.

Morgan represents the server part of the client-server model. In AWS, she would be called an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, or EC2, an EC2 instance, a virtual server. So from an architectural point of view, the transaction we did is really simple to explain. I, the user, made a request to Morgan, the server. Morgan validated that the request was legitimate, in this case, did I give her money? Then she returned a response, which in this case, is a berry blaster with extra caramel shots.

Question 13

Explain the undifferentiated heavy lifting of IT at AWS

Answer 13

At AWS, the undifferentiated heavy lifting of IT is when AWS handles for its clients tasks that are common, often repetitive and ultimately time-consuming, so they can focus on what makes you unique. Over the internet, seems simple enough, but it implies that you can access those resources using a secure webpage console or programmatically.

No additional contracts or sales calls are needed. With pay-as-you-go pricing, we re-emphasize what we pointed out here in the coffee shop. You don’t staff a shop with employees 24 hours a day at the same levels you do during peak hours. In fact, some hours, you might not even staff them at all. So why pay for developer environments, for example, on weekends, if your developers aren’t working on the weekends?

The idea of IT resources is actually a big part of the AWS philosophy. We often get asked why AWS has so many products and the answer is really simple: Because businesses need them. If there are IT elements that are common across a number of businesses, then this is not a differentiator.

Question 14

When selecting a cloud strategy, what must a company consider?

Answer 14

The company must consider factors such as:

• required cloud application components,
  (specific elements or features that are necessary for an application to function effectively in a cloud environment. )
• preferred resource management tools,
• and any legacy IT infrastructure requirements.

Question 15

What are the AWS three cloud computing deployment models?

Answer 15

AWS three cloud computing deployment models are:
- cloud-based,
- on-premises, and
- hybrid.

Question 16

Explain the Cloud computing deployment model 1:
CLOUD-BASED DEPLOYMENT

Answer 16

In a cloud-based deployment, you can:

.Run all parts of the application in the cloud.
.Migrate existing applications to the cloud.
.Design and build new applications in the cloud.

• migrate existing applications to the cloud, or
• you can design and build new applications in the
  cloud.
• You can build those applications on low-level infrastructure that requires your IT staff to manage them.

Alternatively, you can build them using higher-level services that reduce the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of the core infrastructure.

For example, a company might create an application consisting of virtual servers, databases, and networking components that are fully based in the cloud.

Question 17

Explain the Cloud computing deployment model 2:
ON-PREMISES DEPLOYMENT …..was on test

Answer 17

.Deploy resources by using virtualization and resource management tools.
.Increase resource utilization by using application management and virtualization technologies.

On-premises deployment is also known as a private cloud deployment. In this model, resources are deployed on-premises by using virtualization and resource management tools.

For example, you might have applications that run on technology that is fully kept in your on-premises data center. Though this model is much like legacy IT infrastructure, its incorporation of application management and virtualization technologies helps to increase resource utilization.

Question 18

Explain the Cloud computing deployment model 3:
HYBRID DEPLOYMENT

Answer 18

.Connect cloud-based resources to on-premises infrastructure.
.Integrate cloud-based resources with legacy IT applications.

In a hybrid deployment, cloud-based resources are connected to on-premises infrastructure. You might want to use this approach in a number of situations. For example, you have legacy applications that are better maintained on-premises, or government regulations require your business to keep certain records on-premises.

For example, suppose that a company wants to use cloud services that can automate batch data processing and analytics. However, the company has several legacy applications that are more suitable on premises and will not be migrated to the cloud. With a hybrid deployment, the company would be able to keep the legacy applications on premises while benefiting from the data and analytics services that run in the cloud.

Question 19

Benefits of cloud computing

Answer 19

Consider why a company might choose to take a particular cloud computing approach when addressing business needs.

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING?

Consider why a company might choose to take a particular cloud computing approach when addressing business needs.

Answer 20

1. Trade upfront expense for variable expense.

Pay as you go - Pay only when you use computing resources, and only for how much you use.

2. Stop spending money to run and maintain data centers for cost savings
3. Stop guessing capacity
4. Benefit from massive economies of scale
5. Increase speed and agility
6. Go global in minutes

Question 21

Benefits of cloud computing:
1. Trade upfront expense for variable expense

Answer 21

1. Trade upfront expense for variable expense

Upfront expense refers to
- data centers,
- physical servers,
- and other resources that you would need to invest
in before using them.

• Variable expense means you only pay for computing resources you consume instead of investing heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them.

TRADE (UPRONT) FIXED EXPENSE FOR VARIABLE EXPENSE
. Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them, you can pay only when you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume.

**
By taking a cloud computing approach that offers the benefit of variable expense, companies can implement innovative solutions while saving on costs.
**

Question 22

Benefits of cloud computing
2. Stop spending money to run and maintain data centers for cost savings

Answer 22

Benefits of cloud computing
2. Stop spending money to run and maintain data centers for cost savings
–
Computing in data centers often requires you to spend more money and time managing infrastructure and servers.

A benefit of cloud computing is the ability to focus less on these tasks and more on your applications and customers.

Question 23

Benefits of cloud computing
3. Stop guessing capacity

Answer 23

3. Stop guessing capacity
   –
   With cloud computing, you don’t have to predict how much infrastructure capacity you will need before deploying an application.

For example, you can launch Amazon EC2 instances when needed, and pay only for the compute time you use. Instead of paying for unused resources or having to deal with limited capacity, you can access only the capacity that you need. You can also scale in or scale out in response to demand.

Question 24

Benefits of cloud computing
4. Benefit from massive economies of scale …. was on test

Answer 24

4. Benefit from massive economies of scale
   –
   By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own.

Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers can aggregate in the cloud, providers, such as AWS, can achieve higher economies of scale. The economy of scale translates into lower pay-as-you-go prices.

Question 25

What is AWS massive economies of scale?

Answer 25

With millions of customers worldwide, AWS can make substantial investments in infrastructure and technology development. These economies of scale enable them to achieve efficiencies and cost savings, which are passed on to customers through competitive pricing models like pay-as-you-go or on-demand pricing. Businesses can benefit from this by accessing cost-effective cloud resources without significant upfront investments in infrastructure. They can optimize resource utilization, scale their operations as needed, and focus on their core competencies, while AWS handles the complexities of managing and maintaining the infrastructure.

Question 26

Benefits of cloud computing 5. Increase speed and agility

Answer 26

5. Increase speed and agility – The flexibility of cloud computing makes it easier for you to develop and deploy applications. This flexibility provides you with more time to experiment and innovate. When computing in data centers, it may take weeks to obtain new resources that you need. By comparison, cloud computing enables you to access new resources within minutes.

Question 27

Benefits of cloud computing 6. Go global in minutes

Answer 27

6. Go global in minutes – The global footprint of the AWS Cloud enables you to deploy applications to customers around the world quickly, while providing them with low latency. This means that even if you are located in a different part of the world than your customers, customers are able to access your applications with minimal delays. Later in this course, you will explore the AWS global infrastructure in greater detail. You will examine some of the services that you can use to deliver content to customers around the world.

Question 28

Cloud computing is ....was on test look down

Answer 28

Cloud Computing is... the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources through a cloud services platform through the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. **With this built-in flexibility and scalability, you can build an application to serve your first customer, and then scale to serve your next 100 million.* -Cloud computing is ... AWS provides on-demand delivery of technology services through the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Traditionally, a developer looking to build an application had to procure, set up, and maintain physical infrastructure and the application. This is where cloud computing comes in. - The AWS Cloud encompasses a broad set of global cloud-based products that includes compute, storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools, management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise applications: on-demand, available in seconds, with pay-as-you-go pricing. With over 200 fully featured services available from data centers globally, the AWS Cloud has what you need to develop, deploy, and operate your applications, all while lowering costs, becoming more agile, and innovating faster. One benefit of the AWS global infrastructure network is that you can provision resources in the Region or Regions that best serve your specific use case. When you are done with the resources, you can simply delete them. OTHER POSSIBLE TEST ANSWERS : other than the first one. The other response options are incorrect because: It is possible to back up files to the cloud, but this response option does not describe cloud computing as a whole. Deploying applications connected to on-premises infrastructure is a sample use case for a hybrid cloud deployment. Remember that cloud computing also has cloud and on-premises (or private cloud) deployment models. AWS Lambda is an AWS service that lets you run code without needing to manage or provision servers. This description does not describe cloud computing as a whole. AWS Lambda is explained in greater detail later in the course.

Question 29

Advantages of cloud computing

Answer 29

Advantages of cloud computing The cloud provides developers with greater flexibility, scalability, and faster time to innovation. With cloud computing, you can 1. Pay as you go - Pay only when you use computing resources, and only for how much you use. 2. Benefit from massive economies of scale - AWS aggregates usage from hundreds of thousands of customers in the cloud, which leads to higher economies of scale. This translates into lower pay-as-you-go prices. 3. Stop guessing capacity - When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With cloud computing, you can access as much or as little capacity as you need, and scale up and down as required with only a few minutes notice. 4. Increase speed and agility - IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make resources available to your developers from weeks to minutes. This dramatically increases agility for the organization, because the cost and time it takes to experiment and develop is significantly lower. 5. Realize cost savings - Companies can focus on projects that differentiate their business instead of maintaining data centers. With cloud computing, you can focus on your customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering physical infrastructure. 6. Go global in minutes - Applications can be deployed in multiple Regions around the world with a few clicks. This means that you can provide lower latency and a better experience for your customers at a minimal cost.

Question 30

Why is the AWS the leading cloud

Answer 30

--Most functionality: WS has significantly more services, and more features within those services, than any other cloud provider–from infrastructure technologies like compute, storage, and databases–to emerging technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, data lakes and analytics, and Internet of Things. This makes it faster, easier, and more cost effective to move your existing applications to the cloud and build nearly anything you can imagine. --Largest community of customers and partners: AWS has the largest and most dynamic community, with millions of active customers and tens of thousands of partners globally. Customers across virtually every industry and of every size, including startups, enterprises, and public sector organizations, are running every imaginable use case on AWS. --Most secure AWS is architected to be the most flexible and secure cloud computing environment available today. Our core infrastructure is built to satisfy the security requirements for the military, global banks, and other high-sensitivity organizations. This is backed by a deep set of cloud security tools, with over 300 security, compliance, and governance services and features. AWS supports 143 security standards and compliance certifications, and all 117 AWS services that store customer data offer the ability to encrypt that data. --Fastest pace of innovation With AWS, you can leverage the latest technologies to experiment and innovate more quickly. We are continually accelerating our pace of innovation to invent entirely new technologies you can use to transform your business. For example, in 2014, AWS pioneered the serverless computing space with the launch of AWS Lambda, which lets developers run their code without provisioning or managing servers. And AWS built Amazon SageMaker, a fully managed machine learning service that empowers everyday developers and scientists to use machine learning–without any previous experience. --Most proven operational expertise AWS has unmatched experience, maturity, reliability, security, and performance that you can depend upon for your most important applications. For over 17 years, AWS has been delivering cloud services to millions of customers around the world running a wide variety of use cases. AWS has the most operational experience, at greater scale, of any cloud provider.

Question 31

Six advantages of cloud computing

Answer 31

Six advantages of cloud computing 1. Trade upgrade (fixed) expense for variable expense – Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them, you can pay only when you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume. 2. Benefit from massive economies of scale – By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay as-you-go prices. 3. Stop guessing capacity – Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With cloud computing, these problems go away. You can access as much or as little capacity as you need, and scale up and down as required with only a few minutes’ notice. 4. Increase speed and agility – In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make those resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes. This results in a dramatic increase in agility for the organization, since the cost and time it takes to experiment and develop is significantly lower. 5. Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers – Focus on projects that differentiate your business, not the infrastructure. Cloud computing lets you focus on your own customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers. 6. Go global in minutes – Easily deploy your application in multiple regions around the world with just a few clicks. This means you can provide lower latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost.

Question 32

Whats your first key value of many for running your business on AWS?

Answer 32

Pay for what you need, becomes the first key value of many for running your business on AWS.

Question 33

The difference between CPU and a server

Answer 33

- CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU is like the brain of a computer. It processes instructions and calculations for tasks on a single computer. - Server: A server is a computer or software system that provides services or resources to multiple computers or users over a network. It's like a specialized helper that serves many computers simultaneously.

Question 34

When you set up instances, what are essentially doing?

Answer 34

When you set up an instance, you're essentially creating a virtual server with specific features, such as how much CPU (brain for a computer) power it has, how much memory it has, and how much storage it has.

Question 35

What upfront expense do you have to trade for cloud computing to be beneficial?

Answer 35

Upfront expense refers to - data centers, - physical servers, - and other resources that you would need to invest in before using them.

Question 36

What variable expense do you trade for cloud computing to be beneficial?

Answer 36

- Variable expense means you only pay for computing resources you consume instead of investing heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them.