Module 1: Industry in the Profession Flashcards
Companies that manufacture computers, components, and peripherals
Computer Industry
Companies that develop, sell, or support computer-related products and services
IT Industry
Produce hardware (e.g., IBM, HP, Cisco).
Equipment Manufacturers
Design and manufacture processors and chips (e.g., Intel, AMD).
Chipmakers
Develop applications and operating systems (e.g., Microsoft, Adobe).
Software Publishers
Provide IT consulting, web design, and network security (e.g., EDS, AOL).
Service Companies
Sell IT products through stores or online (e.g., CompUSA, CDW).
Retailers
Sell hardware/software directly to consumers.
Retail Stores
Sell IT products online (e.g., Amazon, Newegg).
Mail-Order/Internet Outlets
Customize IT solutions for specific industries.
Value-Added Resellers (VARs)
Companies sell their products without intermediaries.
Manufacturers Direct
CIO, CTO, Project Manager
Management
Software Engineer, Database Analyst, Web Developer
System Development
IT Support, Security Specialist, Network Administrator
Technical Services
Data Analyst, System Administrator
Operations
IT Instructor, Help Desk Specialist
Training
Cybersecurity Analyst, Ethical Hacker
Security
A programmable electronic device that processes, stores, and retrieves data.
Computer
Who is the father of computers?
Charles Babbage
Accepts data (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
Input
Executes tasks via CPU.
Processing
Saves data (RAM, hard drives).
Storage
Displays results (monitor, printer).
Output
Executes millions of instructions per second.
Speed
Performs calculations with high precision.
Accuracy
Works without fatigue.
Diligence
Can perform different tasks.
Versatility
Stores large amounts of data.
Storage
Cannot think on its own
No IQ
First computing device
Abacus
First to use decimal points
Napier’s Bones
First mechanical calculator
Pascaline
Difference Engine
Designed by Charles Babbage
Early mechanical computer
Analytical Engine
Used transistors (e.g., IBM 7094, UNIVAC 1108).
Second Generation (1959-1965)
Hollerith, led to IBM
Tabulating Machine
Used vacuum tubes (e.g., ENIAC, IBM-701).
First Generation (1946-1959)
Used integrated circuits (e.g., IBM 360, PDP-11).
Third Generation (1965-1971)
Used microprocessors (e.g., Intel 4004, DEC 10).
Fourth Generation (1971-1980)
Uses AI and parallel processing (e.g., Laptops, AI systems).
Fifth Generation (1980-Present)
General-purpose vs. Specific-purpose
By Purpose
Analog, Digital, Hybrid
By Data Handling
Supercomputers, Mainframes, Minicomputers, Microcomputers
By Size
Physical parts (CPU, RAM, storage).
Hardware
Programs that instruct the hardware
Software
Users who operate the system.
Humanware
Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
Input Devices
Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Registers.
Processing Unit (CPU)
RAM (temporary), ROM (permanent).
Primary Storage
Hard drives, SSDs, USB drives.
Secondary Storage
Monitor, printer, speakers.
Output Devices
Controls hardware (Operating Systems).
System Software
Application Software
User programs (MS Word, Photoshop).
Manages computer resources and provides an interface for users.
Operating Systems (OS)
Executes tasks in batches (e.g., early IBM systems).
Batch OS
Allocates CPU time to multiple users.
Time-Sharing OS
Used for mission-critical tasks (e.g., Military, Space).
Real-Time OS
Runs on multiple machines connected by a network
Distributed OS
Manages multiple computers over a network.
Network OS
Powers smartphones and tablets (e.g., Android, iOS).
Mobile OS
Secure, multi-user OS for servers.
Unix/Linux
Apple’s GUI-based system.
Mac OS
Most widely used OS for PCs
Windows
Early command-line OS from Microsoft.
MS-DOS
