Module 1- History And Themes Of Psychology Flashcards
Biological level analysis
Brain systems,Neurochemistry,and Genetics ( Drug studies, animal studies, hormones, brain imaging, and twin/ adoption studies)
Individual level analysis
Individual differences, Perception and cognition, and Behavior ( memory, language, personality, gender, thinking, and responses)
Social level analysis
Interpersonal behavior and Social cognition( Groups, relationships, stereotypes, perceptions,and influence)
Cultural level analysis
Thoughts, actions, behaviors in a society’s and cultural groups ( Norms, beliefs, values, symbols, and ethnicity)
_________ developed an approach to psychology that focused on the adaptive purpose of mental activities and behaviors
William James
Mind/Body problem
A fundamental issue : Are mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain’s subjective experience?
Social Psychology
The stud of everyday thoughts, feeling, and behaviors- and the factor that give rise to them
Health psychology
The concern withhow pyschological processes influence physical health vice versa ( stress, loneliness, and impulsivity )
Developmental Psychology
Studies how humans frow and develop from the pernatal period through infancy and ealry childhoods, through adolences and early adulthood..
Cultural Psychology
Studies how cultual factprs such as geo regions, national beliefs , and religious valies can have a profound effect on mental life and behavior ( closely linked to sociology and anthroplogy)
Clinical Pyschology
Seeks to understand , characterize, and treat mental illness ( most common in the field)
Cognitve Psychology
Aim to understand the basics skills andprocesses that are the foundation of mental life and behavior ( memory,sensation, and perception)
Industrial/ organizational
Explores how pyschological processes play out in a workplace( speaks- real world problems such as communication,managment, and marketing)
Relationship Psychology
Research our intimate relationships, romantic partnerships, and two-way effect between intimate relationships and other ascpets of our lives
Conformation Bias
Ingnore evidence and tend to down play evidence that does not match what they believe.
Hidsight Bias
Explains why things happen in the past but less succesful at predicting future event.
Psychological Science
the study through research of our minds, brain, and behavior
Mind
The mental activity includes ( memories, thoughts, feeling , and perceptual experiences( sights, smell, tastes, sounds, touches)
Brain
Mental activity results from biochemical processes within the Brain
Behavior
Observable human or animal actions
Availabilty Heuristic
Believe that certain events are more common than they are
Bottom-Up processing
Perception based on phsycial aspects of a stimulus
Top-Down Processing
Perception based on previous learning and context
Sensation
The detection of physical stimuli and the transmission of that info to the brain
Perception
The brain’s futher processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory input
Transduction
Translating sensory stimuli into neural signals
Consciousness
One’s moment -by-moment personal experiences
change blindness
a failure to notice large chnage in the enviornment
5 basic tatse sensations
Sour,sweet, salty,unami, bitter
qualia
the subjective or qualitative properties of experiences
Structuralism
identify building blocks of consciouness ( using reaction time and introspection)
Functionalism
Understand how the mind helps fucntion in/adpat to the world ( why people think, feel, and behave)
Gestalt Psychology
The whole is greater than the sum of the parts ( disagreed with goals and methods of structuralism
- Perception is subjective and dependent on context
Psychoanalytic Theory
- sigmund Freud
- sex and aggression primary drives
- ego, id, superego
Behaviorism
- observable behavior
- psychology should be use objective methods
- purpose of psych should be predictionand control of behavior
- Nuture
Humanistic Psychology
People have positive values, free will, deep inner creativity
Cognitive Revolution
Computor metaphor
- human information procession
-mental processes -software
Brain+ hardware
social psychology
how are people affected by presence of others
