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RT 213 > Module 1: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology > Flashcards

Module 1: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science of the structure of the body

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of the function of the organs

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Detailed study of the knowledge relating to the bones of the body

A

Osteology

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4
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  • Attachment for muscle
  • Mechanical basis for movement
  • Protection of internal organs
  • Frame to support
  • Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts
  • Production of RBC and WBC
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5
Q

Bone Structure

A
  • Periosteum
  • Endosteum
  • Haversian System
  • Medullary Cavity
  • Spongy Bone
  • Cortical Bone
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6
Q

Term given to the development and formation of bones

A

Ossification

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7
Q

Bones formed from Intermembranous ossification

A

Skull, clavicles, mandible and sternum

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8
Q

Bones formed from Endochondrial ossification

A

Short, irregular and long bones

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9
Q

Primary ossification

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

Secondary ossification

A

epiphysis

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11
Q

Classification of Bones

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
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12
Q

Long Bones (example and function)

A

Femur, humerus : to provide support

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13
Q

Short Bone (example and function)

A

Tarsals and wrist : Allow minimum flexibility and motion in a short distance

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14
Q

Flat Bone (example and function)

A
  • Diploe
  • Cranium, sternum, scapula
  • Provides protection, and their broad surfaces allow muscle attachment
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15
Q

Irregular Bone (example and function)

A
  • Vertebrae & pelvis
  • attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments, or they attach to other bones to create joint
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16
Q

Sesamoid bone (example and function)

A

Patella
- Developed inside and beside the tendon, and protects it from excessive wear

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17
Q

Process and Projections

16

A
  1. Condyle
  2. Coracoid/Coronoid
  3. Horn
  4. Crest
  5. Epicondyle
  6. Facet
  7. Hamulus
  8. Head
  9. Line
  10. Malleolus
  11. Protuberance
  12. Spine
  13. Styloid
  14. Trochanter
  15. Tubercle
  16. Tuberosity
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18
Q

Process and Projections

rounded process at an articular extremity

A

Condyle

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19
Q

Process and Projections

beaklike or crownlike process

A

Coracoid or Coronoid

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20
Q

Process and Projections

hornlike process on a bone

A

Horn

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21
Q

Process and Projections

ridgelike process

A

Crest

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22
Q

Process and Projections

projection above condyle

A

Epicondyle

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23
Q

Process and Projections

small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation

A

Facet

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24
Q

Process and Projections

hook-shaped process

A

Hamulus

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25
Q

Process and Projections

expanded end of a long bone

A

Head

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26
Q

Process and Projections

less prominent ridge than a creast, linear elevation

A

Line

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27
Q

Process and Projections

club-shaped process

A

Malleolus

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28
Q

Process and Projections

projecting part or prominence

A

Protuberance

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29
Q

Process and Projections

sharp process

A

Spine

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30
Q

Process and Projections

long pointed process

A

Styloid

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31
Q

Process and Projections

either of two large rounded, and elevated process (greater/major and lesser/minor)

A

Trochanter

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32
Q

Process and Projections

small, rounded and elevated process

A

Tubercle

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33
Q

Process and Projections

large, rounded elevated process

A

Tuberosity

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34
Q

Depressions

8

A
  1. Fissure
  2. Foramen
  3. Fossa
  4. Groove
  5. Meatus
  6. Notch
  7. Sinus
  8. Sulcus
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35
Q

Depressions

cleft, or deep groove

A

Fissure

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36
Q

Depressions

hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves

A

Foramen

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37
Q

Depressions

pit, fovea or hollow space

A

Fossa

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38
Q

Depressions

shallow linear channel

A

Groove

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39
Q

Depressions

tubelike passageway running within a bone

A

Meatus

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40
Q

Depressions

indentation into the border of a bone

A

Notch

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41
Q

Depressions

recess, groove or cavity, or hollow space

A

Sinus

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42
Q

Depressions

furrow, trench or fissurelike depression

A

Sulcus

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43
Q

Fractures

Does not break through skin

A

Closed

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44
Q

Fractures

Serious fracture in which the broken bone or bones project through the skin

A

Open

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45
Q

Fractures

Which the bone retains its normal alignment

A

Nondisplaced

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46
Q

Fractures

The bones are not in anatomic alignment

A

Displaced

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47
Q

Arthrology

Functional Classification

A
  • Synarthroses - immovable joints
  • Amphiarthroses - slighty immovable
  • Diathroses - Freely movable
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48
Q

Arthrology: Functional Classification

immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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49
Q

Arthrology: Functional Classification

slightly movable

A

Amphiarthroses

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50
Q

Arthrology: Functional Classification

Freely movable

A

Diarthroses

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51
Q

Arthrology

Structural Classification

A
  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints
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52
Q

Arthrology

  • Do not have a joint cavity
  • Strongest joints in the body
A

Fibrous Joint

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53
Q

Arthrology: Fibrous Joints

tibiofibular joint

A

Syndemosis

54
Q

Arthrology: Fibrous Joints

skull

55
Q

Arthrology: Fibrous Joints

roots of teeth

56
Q

Arthrology

  • Do not have a joint cavity
  • virtually immovable
A

Cartilaginous Joints

57
Q

Arthrology: Cartilaginous Joints

pubic symphysis

58
Q

Arthrology: Cartilaginous Joints

ephiphyseal plate found between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Synchondrosis

59
Q

Arthrology

Movable joints

A

Synovial joints

60
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

6 types of Synovial Joints

A
  • Gliding (Plane)
  • Hinge (ginglymus)
  • Pivot (Trochoid)
  • Ellipsoid (Condyloid)
  • Saddle (sellar)
  • Ball and socket
61
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

intercarpal and intertarsal joints of the wrist and foot

A

Gliding (plane) joint

62
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

elbow, knee and ankle

A

Hinge (ginglymus) joints

63
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

atlas and axis

A

Pivot (Trochoid)

64
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

between trapezium and 1st metacarpal

A

Saddle (sellar) joint

65
Q

Arthrology: Synovial Joints

hip and shoulder

A

Ball and Socket joint

66
Q

Body Movement Terminology (14)

A
  • Abduct/Abduction
  • Adduct/Adduction
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Hyperextension
  • Hyperflexion
  • Evert/eversion
  • Invert/inversion
  • Pronate/pronation
  • Supinate/supination
  • rotate/rotation
  • Circumduction
  • Tilt
  • Deviation
67
Q

Body Movement Terminology

movement of part away from the central axis of the body or body part

A

Abduct/Abduction

68
Q

Body Movement Terminology

movement of part toward the central axis of the body or part

A

Adduct/Adduction

69
Q

Body Movement Terminology

straightening of a joint

70
Q

Body Movement Terminology

act of bending of a joint

71
Q

Body Movement Terminology

forced or excessive extension or joints

A

Hyperextension

72
Q

Body Movement Terminology

forced overflexion of a limb or joints

A

Hyperflexion

73
Q

Body Movement Terminology

outward turning of the foot and ankle

A

Evert/eversion

74
Q

Body Movement Terminology

inward turning of the foot at the ankle

A

Invert/inversion

75
Q

Body Movement Terminology

rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down

A

Pronate/pronation

76
Q

Body Movement Terminology

rotation of the forearm so that palm is up

A

Supinate/supination

77
Q

Body Movement Terminology

turning or rotating of the body or a body part around its axis

A

Rotate/rotation

78
Q

Body Movement Terminology

circular movement of a limb

A

Circumduction

79
Q

Body Movement Terminology

tipping or slanting a body part slightly

80
Q

Body Movement Terminology

a turning away from the regular standard or course

81
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

  • refers to forward or front part of the body
  • forward part of an organ
A

Anterior/Ventral

82
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to back part of an organ

A

Posterior/Dorsal

83
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts away from the head of the body

84
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts toward the head of the body

85
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to nearer the head or situated above

86
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to the nearer the feet or situated below

87
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to mid area or main part of an organ

88
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to part at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

A

Peripheral

89
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle part of another body

90
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts away from the median plane of the body or away from the middle of another body part to left and right

91
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts near the skin or surface

A

Superficial

92
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts far from the surface

93
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment , point of reference, origin or beginning; away from the center of the body

94
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts nearer the point of attachment,point of reference, origin, or beginning; toward the center of the body

95
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts outside an organ or on the outside of the body

96
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to parts within or on the inside of an organ

97
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to the wall or lining of a body cavity

98
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to the covering of an organ

99
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to a part or parts on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

100
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to a part or parts on the opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

101
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to the palm of the hand

102
Q

Anatomic Relationship terms

refers to sole of the foot

103
Q

Body Planes

A
  • Sagittal Plane ( midsagittal plane)
  • Coronal Plane (midaxillary plane)
  • Horizontal (Transverse pr Axial plane)
  • Oblique
104
Q

Body Cavities

A
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Abdominal cavity
105
Q

Divisions of the Abdomen

Quadrants

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • Left Lower Quadrant
106
Q

Divisions of the Abdomen

Regions

A

Superior
- Right hypochondrium
- Epigastrium
- Left hypochondrium

Middle
- Right Lumbar
- Umbilical
- Left Lumbar

Inferior
- Right Inguinal
- Hypogastrium
- Left Inguinal

107
Q

Surface Landmarks

C1

Cervical area

A

Mastoid Tip

108
Q

Surface Landmarks

C2, C3

Cervical area

A

Ganion (angle of mandible)

109
Q

Surface Landmarks

C5

Cervical area

A

Thyroid cartilage

110
Q

Surface Landmarks

C7

Cervical area

A

Vertebra prominens

111
Q

Surface Landmarks

T1

Thoracic area

A

Approximately 5 cm (2 in) above of sternal notch

112
Q

Surface Landmarks

T2, T3

Thoracic area

A

Level of manubrial (sternal) notch and superior margin at scapulae

113
Q

Surface Landmarks

T4, T5

Thoracic area

A

Level of sternal angle

114
Q

Surface Landmarks

T7

Thoracic area

A

Level of inferior angle of scapulae

115
Q

Surface Landmarks

T10

Thoracic area

A

Level of xiphoid tip

116
Q

Surface Landmarks

L3

Lumbar area

A

Costal margin

117
Q

Surface Landmarks

L3, L4

Lumbar area

A

Level of umbilicus

118
Q

Surface Landmarks

L4

Lumbar area

A

Level of most superior aspect of iliac crest

119
Q

Surface Landmarks

S1

Sacrum and pelvic area

A

Level of anterior superior iliac spine

120
Q

Surface Landmarks

Coccyx

Sacrum and pelvic area

A

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanter

121
Q

Determines the size, shape, and position, tonus, and motility of the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Body Habitus

122
Q

Body Habitus

Type of Body Habitus

A
  • Asthenic
  • Sthenic
  • Hyposthenic
  • Hypersthenic
123
Q

Radiographic Positioning Terminology

The path of the central ray as it exits the x-ray tube and goes through the patient to the IR

A

Projection

124
Q

Radiographic Positioning Terminology

Types of Projection

A
  • AP Projection
  • PA Projection
  • Axial Projection
  • Tangential Projection
  • Lateral Projection
  • Oblique Projection
  • Complex Projection
  • True Projection
125
Q

Radiographic Positioning Terminology

Overall posture of the patient of the general body positions

126
Q

Radiographic Positioning Terminology

  • A term that is used to indicate the patient’s general physical position
  • Refers to the specific placement of the body part in relation to the radiographic table or IR during imaging
127
Q

Radiographic Positioning Terminology

Positions (specific placement of the body part)

A
  • Lateral position
  • Oblique position
  • Decubitus Position
  • Lordotic Position
  • Tangetial and Axial Positions
  • Oblique Positions
128
Q

used to describe the body part as seen by the IR

129
Q

Specifies the x-ray projection and body position, and it may include specific items such as IR and central ray position

130
Q

Positioning Aids

A
  • Sponges
  • Sandbags
  • Immobilization Devices
131
Q

Accessory Equipment

A
  • Calipers
  • Lead Shields or Shadow shields
  • Lead Markers
  • Image Receptor Holders

RT 213 (2 decks)

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