Module 1: Fundamentals Flashcards
Phlebotomist
collect blood, specimens, urine, sputum
What valve is in between left atrium and left ventricle?
bicuspid
sympathetic nervous system
prepares body to act in stress situation (fight or flight)
parasympathetic nervous system
prepares body for digestion and rest
What structure serves as the heart’s natural pace maker?
SA Node
Arteries
carry oxygenated bloood
Veins
carry deoxygenated blood
Osmosis
diffusion of water through semipermeable membrane
Diffusion
movemnet of substance from area of high concentration to area of low concentration
Filtration
process that separartes by forcing them through a membrane
Electrolyte
chemical substance that is makes a electrical charge and conduct an electrical current when placed in water
Hormones
chemicals produced by the body
Antibodies
made by the immune system to neutrilize the threat
Excrete
eliminate
Fibrinogen
strong protien the body produces in response to bleeding to help clot
Bone Marrow
soft tissue inside bones that produce blood-forming cells
Pathogen
disease causing micro organism
Blood Group System
A, B, AB, or O
Antigens
any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response/triggering production of antibody specific to the substance
A=A, B=B, AB=both, O=neither
Antigens
any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response/triggering production of antibody specific to the substance
Blood Type
Antigens: A=A, B=B, AB=both, O=neither
Antibodies: A=anti-B, B=anti-A, AB=none, O=anti-A &B
Receive: A=A&O, B=B&O, O=O, AB=A, B, AB, O
Donate: A=A&AB, B=B&AB, AB=AB, O=A, B, AB, O
Coagulation
process by which a clot forms in the blood
5 Phases
1.Vascular 2.Platelet 3.Coagulation 4.Clot Retraction 5.Repair
Analytical
prefer to work with numbers, facts, data
little emphasis on feelings or emotions
Intuitive
prefer to look at big pictures
results in more questions
Functional
prefer an organized approach timelines/detailed plans, step by step
good unless you overwhelm patient with details
Personal
use emotional language/connections
care about how people feel best option
Cycle of Infection
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
Virus
micro-organism that causes infections/diseases
Bacterium
a single micro-organism that reproduces rapidly/causes infection
Fungus
a micro-organism that grows on or in animals, plants, humans, food
yeast and molds
Protozoon
a single-cell parasite that replicates rapidly once inside a living host
Standard Precautions
use PPE: gloves, dispose of equipment properly, wash hands before & after
apply to every patients
Airborne Precautions
required for patients w/disease that spread thru droplets smaller than 5 microns
MASK, N95 RESPIRATOR
varicella, TB, measles
Droplet Precautions
required for patients w/disease that spread thru droplets larger than 5 microns
MASK
rubella, meningitis, and respiratory infections
Contact Precautions
required for patients w/disease that spread thru direct contact or contact w/environment
GLOVES, GOWNS
herpes simplex, wound infections, some bacterial infections, scabies
Erythema
redness
Edema
excessive build up of fluid in body tissue
Types of Infections
Acute; sudden,worse quick (common cold)
Chronic; lingers,forever (Hep B)
Latent; remission,relapse (cold sores herpes)
Opportunistic; weak immune people (AIDS)
Surgical Asepsis
complete removal of micros/spores from the surface of any object
