📚 • Module 1 : Foundations of Math Flashcards
Build a strong foundation in key math concepts, from numbers to geometry and data handling.
What are prime numbers?
Numbers with exactly 2 factors: 1 and itself. Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
What is the difference between a multiple and a factor?
Multiples : product of a number, so (4, 8, 12) for 4.
Factors : numbers that divide into another, so (1, 2, 4) for 4.
How to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF)?
Find the largest shared factor of two numbers.
Example : HCF of 12 and 18:
Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
Common factors = 1, 2, 3, 6
HCF = 6 (longest shared factor)
How are directed numbers used in mathematics?
Directed numbers (positive and negative) are used to represent values with direction, such as temperature, and altitude.
Example :
+5°C — (above freezing)
-5°C — (below freezing)
What does substitution mean in algebra?
Substitution means replacing a variable with a number.
Example : if 𝑥=3, substitute 3 for 𝑥 in 2𝑥+4.
Answer: 2(3)+4=6+4=10
Simplify 3𝑥+4𝑥-2
7𝑥-2
Because… 3+4=7.
Sum of angles on a straight line?
180°
Sum of interior angles in a triangle?
180°
Formula for the sum of interior angles of a polygon?
(n-2)x180°
Example :
For a hexagon, it has 6 sides, so (n = 6)
(6-2)x180°=4x180°=720°
What is prime factorization?
Breaking a number into its prime factors.
Example : 12 = 2 x 2 x 3
How do you find the LCM using prime factorization?
Take all prime factors, use the highest powers.
Example : LCM of 12 and 15 = 2² x 3 x 5 = 60
How do you find the HCF using prime factorization?
Take the lowest powers of common prime factors.
Example : HCF of 12 and 15 = 3
Simplify 3𝑥 x 4𝑦
12𝑥𝑦
What is the sum of angles around a point?
360°
What are alternate angles between parallel lines?
They are equal.
What are the properties of an isosceles triangle?
Two sides are equal, two angles are equal.
What is the sum of exterior angles of any polygon?
360°
What is the place value of 5 in 3,524?
500 (hundreds place).
Write an algebraic expression for “5 more than twice a number 𝑥.”
2𝑥+5
What is an acute angle?
An angle less than 90°.
What tool do you use to measure angles?
A protractor.
What is the difference between discrete and continuous data?
Discrete data : Specific, separate values (example : number of students).
Continuous data : Any value within a range (example : height, weight).
What are whole numbers?
Whole numbers are non-negative numbers without fractions or decimals.
Example : 0, 1, 2, 3…
What is a right-angled triangle?
A triangle with one 90° angle.
What are the properties of a rectangle?
Opposite sides are equal, and all angles are 90°.
What is sampling in data collection?
Selecting a small group to represent the whole population.
What is a frequency table?
A table that shows how often each value occurs in a dataset.
What do line graphs represent?
They show trends in data over time using connected data points.
What is the measure of each exterior angles in a regular polygon?
360°/n when n is the number of sides.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative : Descriptive data (example : colors, names).
Quantitative : Numerical data (example : height, age).
What is special about an equilateral triangle?
All sides and angles are equal; each angle is 60°
If two angles are supplementary and one is 110°, what is the other angle?
180°-110°=70°
What is random sampling?
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is the relationship between an exterior angle of a triangle and its interior opposite angles?
The exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.
What is an obtuse triangle?
A triangle where one of the angles is greater than 90°.
Example : A triangle with angles of 120°, 30°, and 30° is obtuse.
