Module 1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW Flashcards
The kidneys should be eliminating \_\_\_\_ mL/hour. A. 60 mL/hr B. 30 mL/hr C. 40 mL/hr D. 50 mL/hr
B. 30 mL/hr
If a patient has an excess blood volume what will that cause their blood pressure to do?
A. Go up
B. Go down
A. Go up
Orthostatic hypotension causes your blood pressure to do what?
A. Go up
B. Go down
B. Go down
Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms Pneumonic:
“you are fried”
Fever (low-grade), flushed skin
Restlessness (irritable)
Increased fluid retention and increased b.p
Edema (peripheral and pitting)
Decreased urinary output, dry mouth
Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms Pneumonic:
“you are fried”
Fever (low-grade), flushed skin
Restlessness (irritable)
Increased fluid retention and increased b.p
Edema (peripheral and pitting)
Decreased urinary output, dry mouth
What is hypernatremia?
A. Sodium concentration above 145 mEq/L
B. Sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L
A. Sodium concentration above 145 mEq/L
What is hyperkalemia?
A. Potassium level above 5.0 mEq/L
B. Potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L
A. Potassium level above 5.0 mEq/L
Causes of Hyperkalemia Mneumonic "Machine" Medications- ACE inhibitors & NSAIDS Acidosis- Metabolic & Respiratory Cellular destruction- Burns, traumatic injury Hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis Intake- Excessive Nephrons, renal failure Excretion- Impaired
Causes of Hyperkalemia Mneumonic "Machine" Medications- ACE inhibitors & NSAIDS Acidosis- Metabolic & Respiratory Cellular destruction- Burns, traumatic injury Hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis Intake- Excessive Nephrons, renal failure Excretion- Impaired
Signs and Symptoms of Increased Vitamin K Mneumonic "Murder" Muscle Weakness Urine, oliguria, anuria Respiratory distress Decreased cardiac contractility Ecg changes Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
Signs and Symptoms of Increased Vitamin K Mneumonic "Murder" Muscle Weakness Urine, oliguria, anuria Respiratory distress Decreased cardiac contractility Ecg changes Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
What is hypocalcemia?
A. Calcium level above 10.5 mg/dL
B. Calcium level below 9.0 mg/dL
B. Calcium level below 9.0 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms Mneumonic "cats" Convulsions Arrhythmias Tetany Spasms and stridor
Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms Mneumonic "cats" Convulsions Arrhythmias Tetany Spasms and stridor
A nurse enters a client’s room to administer an IV medication and finds that the IV site is swollen, cool, and pale. The client reports discomfort at the insertion site. The nurse recognizes that this may be: A. Phlebitis B. Infiltration C. An Allergic Reaction D. Sepsis
B. Infiltration
The nurse administers serum albumin to a client to assist in? A.Development of osmotic pressure B.Activation of white blood cells C.Formation of red blood cells D.Clotting of blood
A. Development of osmotic pressure
A client with hypercalcemia has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods upon discharge? Select all that apply: A. Nuts B. Canned salmon C. Broccoli D. Fish E. Organ meats F. Eggs
A. Nuts
B. Canned Salmon
C. Broccoli
The nurse prepares for the possibility of magnesium sulfate toxicity by having at the beside: A. Suction equipment B. Nalline C. Calcium gluconate D. Oxygen
C. Calcium Gluconate
During an assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 110 beats/minute, his blood pressure shows orthostatic changes when he stands up, and his tongue has a sticky, paste-like coating. The client's spouse tells the nurse that he seems a little confused and unsteady on his feet. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse suspects that the client has which condition? A. Dehydration B. Hypokalemia C. Fluid Overload D. Hypernatremia
A. Dehydration
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of dehydration, and the client is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which assessment data would indicate to the nurse that the dehydration remains unresolved? A. An oral temperature of 98.8 F B. A urine specific gravity of 1.043 C. A urine output that is pale yellow D. A blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg
B. A urine specific gravity of 1.043
The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?
A. Weight Loss
B. Flat neck and Hand veins
C. An increase in blood pressure
D. Decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
C. An increase in blood pressure
A nurse is caring for a client whose magnesium level is 3.5 mg/dL. Which assessment finding should the nurse most likely expect to note in the client based on this magnesium level? A. Tetany B. Twitches C. Positive Trousseau's sign D. Loss of deep tendon reflexes
D. Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Rationale:
The normal magnesium level is 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL. A client with a magnesium level of 3.5 mg/dL is experiencing hypermagnesemia. Assessment findings include neurological depression, drowsiness and lethargy, loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory insufficiency, bradycardia, and hypotension.
A nurse is planning care for a client with hypokalemia. Which interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.
A. Ensure adequate fluid intake.
B. Implement safety measures to prevent falls
C. Encourage low fiber foods to prevent diarrhea.
D. Instruct the client about foods that contain
potassium.
E. Encourage the client to obtain assistance to
ambulate.
A. Ensure adequate fluid intake.
B. Implement safety measures to prevent falls
D. Instruct the client about foods that contain
potassium.
E. Encourage the client to obtain assistance to
ambulate.
The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which cardiovascular manifestation would the nurse expect to note?
A. Hypotension
B. Increased heart rate
C. Bounding peripheral pulses
D. Shortened QT interval on electrocardiography
(ECG)
A. Hypotension
Which of the following interventions would be the best choice to monitor fluid and electrolyte balance? A. assess if the client is voiding B. assess daily weight C. evaluate daily urine specimens D. check daily sodium levels
B. Assess daily weight
Which of the following are symptoms of hypovolemia?
A. oliguria
B. weight gain
C. decreased pulse and increased BP
D. distended jugular veins
A. oliguria
An older adult client is admitted with dehydration. Which nursing assessment data identify that the client is at risk for falling?
A. Dry oral mucous membranes
B. Orthostatic blood pressure changes
C. Pulse rate of 72 beats/min and bounding
D. Serum potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L
B. Orthostatic blood pressure changes
The nurse instructs an older adult client to increase the intake of dietary potassium when the client is prescribed which classification of drugs? A. Alpha antagonists B. Beta-blockers C. Corticosteroids D. High-ceiling (loop) diuretics
D. High-ceiling (loop) diuretics
