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Year 10 Biology > Module 1 Circulation > Flashcards

Module 1 Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Complete the following sentences:
Blood enters the heart from the body, it is………….
Blood is then pumped to the lungs to pick up some……..
Blood is now…………….and travels back to the heart
Blood is then pumped around the body so every cell can gets its vital……so that every cell can carry out the process of………

A 
Deoxygenated 
Oxygen
Oxygenated
Oxygen
Respiration
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2
Q

The blood flowing through the right side of the heart and going to the lungs is called what

A

The pulmonary circulation

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3
Q

The blood flowing through the left side of the heart and going round the rest of the body is called what

A

Systemic circulation

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4
Q

Which blood vessel carries food to the liver for storage

A

Hepatic portal vein

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5
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

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6
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart

A

Vena cava

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7
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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8
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart

A

Aorta

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9
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood to the kidneys

A

Renal artery

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10
Q

What does the heart do

A

Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and also pumps blood containing sugar and oxygen to every cell in the body so they can carry out respiration

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11
Q

What keeps the blood flowing in one direction through the heart

A

A system of one way valves, for example if the valve is open, blood flows towards the heart and if the valve is closed blood cannot flow away from the heart

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12
Q

Explain why the walls of the ventricles are thicker than the atria

A

To allow/cope with high pressure. This is because blood must be pumped up from the ventricles to the rest of the body and it needs enough force to do so.

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13
Q

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle

A

Because the left ventricle has to pump blood all around the body where as the right ventricle only has to pump to the lungs

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14
Q

What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise and explain why

A

Your heart beats faster, this is because the muscles need more sugar and oxygen to work for respiration. However, the fitter you are the lower your resting heart rate is and the faster it returns to normal after exercising

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15
Q

When taking your pulse, what causes the actual pulse

A

The pressure of blood pumped from the heart, going through your arteries

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16
Q

What is a red blood cells function

A

To transport oxygen

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17
Q

What is a white blood cells function

A

Protect against infection/disease

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18
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

They help blood clot

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19
Q

Other than these 3 types of cell, what makes up blood

A

Plasma

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20
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

Plasma —->

A

The liquid portion of the blood

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21
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

Capillaries —>

A

Narrow blood tubes

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22
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

Red blood cells —->

A

Contain haemoglobin

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23
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

White blood cells —–>

A

Fight against disease occurring

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24
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework: antibodies —->

A

Can be produced by a certain type of blood cell

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25
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

Platelets —–>

A

Help the blood to clot and so prevent invaders

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26
Q

Matching exercise in formal homework:

Heart —->

A

The body’s blood pump

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27
Q

Why do veins have valves

A

To keep blood flowing in one direction

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28
Q

Why do veins have a thin muscle (muscular) layer

A

As pressure is less in vein

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29
Q

Why do capillaries have a single layer of cells

A

So they can allow substances to leak through and exchange (food and oxygen for example) at body cells

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30
Q

Why do arteries have a thick muscle layer

A

To withstand the high pressure as blood is pumped through them to all parts of the body

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31
Q

What is blood pumped by

A

The heart

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32
Q

The heart contains how many chambers

A

4

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33
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called

A

Atria

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34
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called

A

Ventricles

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35
Q

Blood pumped out of the right side of the heart goes to where to pick up what

A

Goes to the lungs where it picks up oxygen

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36
Q

After the blood picks up oxygen in the lungs where is it pumped back to and what is it called

A

It’s pumped back to the left side of the heart and thus is called the pulmonary circulation

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37
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood to where and what is this called

A

It pumps blood to the rest of the body, this is called the systemic circulation

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38
Q

Explain the flow of blood from a leg muscle to the heart and lungs and back to the muscle again, worth 8 marks

A

Deoxygenated blood starts at leg —> vena cava —> into the right atrium —> through valves to the right ventricle —> travels to lungs via the pulmonary artery —> picks up oxygen —> travels back to heart via pulmonary vein —> enters left atrium —> through valves —> left ventricle —> travels through the aorta —> back to leg

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39
Q

How can exercise reduce stress

A

Because there’s an increased sense of well-being. It also stimulates the release of brain chemicals similar to morphine which might make people feel high

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40
Q

If a man who has been resting starts doing some strenuous exercises, what is the effect on the rate at which his heart beats

A

It increases dramatically (nearly doubles)

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41
Q

Does a fit or unfit person have a higher heartbeat rate on average

A

Unfit

42
Q

A fit heart pumps a larger volume of blood with each ‘beat’ than an unfit heart. Can you suggest why it is an advantage to be fit

A

As the body gets the oxygen and glucose quicker than an unfit person would, meaning respiration can take place quicker and also you can pump more blood in 1 beat, meaning the heart won’t get tired as it has to pump less

43
Q

What effect does exercise sometimes have on blood pressure and why is it important

A

Exercise may prevent high blood pressure and people with lower blood pressure have less risk of having a heart attack

44
Q

A middle aged man who was overweight was not only put on a diet by his doctor, but was also told to do regular exercise, why?

A

As exercise causes loss of body fat, as it increases the rate at which the body uses food. Also if you can regularly exercise, you have a smaller chance of suffering from high blood pressure, obesity and heart disease

45
Q

What effect does exercise have on the coronary arteries and why is it important

A

The coronary arteries become wider and the build up of fatty deposits is less likely. This is important as it reduces the risk of heart disease and gentle exercise may also help the growth of new blood vessels after a heart attack

46
Q

List as many things you can think of that can lead to heart disease

A

Eating lots of fatty foods, smoking, little to no exercise and stressful lifestyle

47
Q

How do you think you can help avoid heart disease

A

Cut down on fried food - grill, boil or steam instead
Eat less red meat - cut the fat off the meat when you eat it
Eat less dairy foods - eggs, cream, milk, butter etc
Eat more poultry and fish
Eat more fruit and veg
Don’t smoke
Relax

48
Q

What does double circulation mean

A

That the blood travels through the heart twice to go around the body once

49
Q

Where do arteries take blood

A

Away from the heart

50
Q

How many types of blood vessel are there

A

3

51
Q

Where do veins take blood

A

Back into the heart

52
Q

Give a brief discretion of capillaries (part of super summary)

A

Allow food and oxygen to move into the tissues where it is needed and carbon dioxide to move back into the blood

53
Q

What is blood made up of I

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets

54
Q

A bad diet (too much fat, salt etc), stress and lack of exercise can increase the risk of what

A

a heart attack

55
Q

Our circulatory systems are responsible for the transport of what

A

Many substances around the body

56
Q

What are the substances that the circulatory system transport around the body

A

Oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body

carbon dioxide from cells in body back to lungs

waste (urea) from liver to kidney

digested food, eg glucose, amino acids from small intestine to every cell in body

heat from liver and muscles to every cell in body

hormones to communicate between cells in the body

57
Q

What is the double circulation

A

When blood travels from the right side of the heart, to the lungs and then returns to the left side of the heart before it is pumped rest of the body. It then returns to the right side of the heart

58
Q

Why is the double circulation, called the double circulation

A

because blood travels through the heart twice with each complete circuit of the body

59
Q

Explain the double circulation (in steps)

A
  1. Blood enters the heart. It is deoxygenated.
  2. Blood is then pumped to the lungs to pick up some oxygen.
  3. Blood is now oxygenated and travels back to the heart.
  4. Blood is then pumped around the body so every cell gets its vital oxygen so that every cell can carry out the process of respiration.
60
Q

The blood flowing through the right side of the heart and going to the lungs, is called what

A

Pulmonary circulation

61
Q

The blood flowing trough the left side of the heart and going round the rest of the body is called what

A

Systemic circulation

62
Q

What is the heart

A

A muscular pump that consists of 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the atria and the lower chambers are called the ventricles

63
Q

The muscle of the heart is very special, but why

A

As it has its own rhythm set by the pacemaker

64
Q

The heart has its own what and carried by what

A

Blood supply, carried by the coronary artery and vein

65
Q

If the coronary artery becomes blocked what may happen

A

This may lead to a heart attack

66
Q

What is blood carried in

A

In continuous tubes of different sizes to every part of the body and back again to the heart

67
Q

What happens in each organ

A

Sugar and oxygen move into the cells and carbon dioxide moves back into the blood

68
Q

The direction of flow is kept up by what

A

The pumping of the heart

69
Q

Tell me about arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries have strong thick muscular walls to withstand the high pressure as blood is pumped through them to all parts of the body.

70
Q

Tell me about veins

A

Veins carry blood back to the heart.
Veins do not have as thick walls as the blood pressure is much lower in them.
Veins have valves to help keep the blood flowing in one direction back to the heart

71
Q

Tell me about capillaries

A

Capillaries allow substances to exchange at body cells e.g. food and oxygen.
Capillaries have very thin walls to allow these substances to leak through.

72
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Blood pressure is the force of blood exerted on the walls of arteries

73
Q

Where on your body can you take a pulse

A

On your wrist and on other points where arteries lie near the surface of the body

74
Q

What is the normal range for blood pressure

A

100-139 for systolic

80-89 for diastolic

75
Q

When is your blood pressure lowest

A

When you are resting

76
Q

What can raise your blood pressure temporarily

A

Types of stress like exercise, fear, stress, excitement and sudden cold

77
Q

What are some treatments for high blood pressure

A

Getting regular exercise, low sodium, low fat diets, stress reduction and medication

78
Q

What is blood:

A

Blood looks like a red liquid, but if you were to leave some blood to settle in a test tube you would see that a red material settles on the bottom of the tube, leaving a yellowish liquid above it

79
Q

In a single drop of blood how many red and white blood cells are there

A

About 5 million red blood cells and several thousand white blood cells

80
Q

Tell me about red blood cells

A

Are very small and have no nucleus.
Are biconcave in shape, giving a large surface area: volume ratio
Contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen.
When oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin which is bright red. When oxygen is released to the tissues it turns purple/red

81
Q

When oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms what

A

Oxyhaemoglobin, which is bright red and when oxygen is released to the tissues it turns purple/red

82
Q

Tell me about white blood cells

A

Are slightly larger than red blood cells
Are concerned with protecting the body
They are able to detect bacteria and then destroy them before they harm the body
Phagocytosis is when they engulf the bacteria to destroy them
Produce antibodies.

83
Q

White blood cells produce antibodies, but what actually are antibodies

A

These protect us from infection. They work by making the bacteria cells stick together so that it is easier to kill them and some others release toxins which neutralize the poison released by the bacteria

84
Q

Tell me about platelets

A

Are tiny cell fragments
Are carried around in the blood and usually do nothing
If the blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibres at the cut, called a clot.
This prevents blood being lost from the cut and stops bacteria and dirt getting in.
The clot hardens to a scab. This keeps the wound clean while new skin grows

85
Q

When you exercise what happens to your heart beat

A

It increases

86
Q

If you are unfit will it take more or less time for your heart rate to go back to normal after exercising

A

Much more time if you are unfit

87
Q

The fitter you are the better….

A

Your heart and blood vessels circulate blood

88
Q

To keep the blood pumping, what does the heart need

A

Oxygen and food

89
Q

Where does the heart get its food and oxygen

A

It gets them from its own blood supply, carried in the coronary arteries

90
Q

What happens if your coronary arteries get blocked

A

It results in heart disease

91
Q

What can block arteries, causing the blood flow to stop

A

Cholesterol or a clot

92
Q

What is the blockage in the coronary arteries caused by cholesterol or a clot called

A

Thrombosis

93
Q

What is a heart attack caused by

A

A blockage in the coronary arteries

94
Q

What is a stroke caused by

A

By a blockage in the blood vessels leading to the brain

95
Q

What are the two arteries in the heart

A

Pulmonary artery and aorta

96
Q

What are the 2 veins in the heart

A

Pulmonary vein and vena cava

97
Q

State where arteries, capillaries and veins carry blood

A

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries - carry blood through organs and tissues
Veins - carry blood towards the heart

98
Q

State whether blood is at high or low pressure in arteries, capillaries and veins

A

Arteries - blood at high pressure
Capillaries - blood at low pressure
Veins - blood at very low pressure

99
Q

State whether arteries, capillaries and veins have valves or not

A

Arteries - no valves
Capillaries - no valves
Veins - valves to stop blood flowing back

100
Q

Give a description of the walls (thin or thick) in arteries, capillaries and veins

A

Arteries - thick muscular walls
Capillaries - very thin walls
Veins - thinner walls with less muscle

101
Q

State whether there is a pulse in arteries, capillaries and veins

A

Arteries - pulse created by heart pumping and contraction of heart muscle
Capillaries - no pulse
Veins - no pulse

102
Q

State whether the walls are strong or weak in arteries, capillaries and veins

A

Arteries - strong walls
Capillaries - delicate and easily broken
Veins - flexible walls and squashed easily so blood pushed further along vessel

Year 10 Biology (2 decks)

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