Module 1 (Chpt 1,2,4&7)

Question 1

What is forensic science?

Answer 1

the application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

Question 2

Who is considered the father of toxicology? How did he become it?

Answer 2

Mathieu Orfila, he devised the first scientific treatise on the detection of poisons and their effects on animals.

Question 3

Who is the father of criminal ID? How did he become it?

Answer 3

Alphonse Bertillon, he created the Bertillon system which takes accurate measurements of body parts (Anthropometry).

Question 4

Who was responsible for developing a methodology of classifying finerprints?

Answer 4

Francis Henry Galton

Question 5

Who wrote the first treatise on the application of scientific disciplines to the field of CI?

Answer 5

Hans Gross

Question 6

Who devised a procedure to to determine the blood group of dried blood?

Answer 6

Leone Lattes

Question 7

Who developed the fundamental principles of document examination?

Answer 7

Albert Osborn

Question 8

What is Locard’s exchange principle?

Answer 8

When two objects come in to contact, materials are exchanged between them.

Question 9

Who incorporated Gross’s principles into a workable crime lab?

Answer 9

Edmond Locard

Question 10

Who what the leading microscopist during his time?

Answer 10

Walter McCrone

Question 11

Who redefined techniques of firearms examination?

Answer 11

Colonel Calvin Goddard

Question 12

Who developed the first DNA profiling test in 1984?

Answer 12

Sir Alec Jefferys

Question 13

Who created the oldest forensic lab in the US?

Answer 13

August Vollmer (Los Angeles)

Question 14

What are the five basic services provided by crime labs?

Answer 14

physical science
biology
firearms
document exam
photography

Question 15

What are the optional services provided by crime labs?

Answer 15

toxicology
latent fingerprint
polygraph
voiceprint analysis
Crime-Scene Investigation

Question 16

What was the court ruling in Frye v. US?

Answer 16

In order for evidence to be admitted during trial, the procedure/technique or principles must be generally accepted by a meaningful segment of the relevant scientific community.

Question 17

What was the landmark ruling of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmeceuticals?

Answer 17

The Frye standard was not an absolute prerequisite to the admissibility of scientific evidence. Gives the judge the power to determine admissibility based on the scientific evidence presented.

Question 18

What supreme court case required the forensic scientist to appear in court in-lieu of using an affidavit?

Answer 18

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts

Question 19

What levels of government do crime labs exist under in the US?

Answer 19

municipal, county, state and federal

Question 20

Britain has a crime lab system characterized by a national system of what type of labs?

Answer 20

regional labs

Question 21

What are the four federal agencies offering forensic services?

Answer 21

1. FBI
2. DEA
3. Bureau of Alcohol, tobacco, firearms & explosives
4. US Postal Inspection Service

Question 22

What was the Florida case that exemplified the flexibility and wide discretion that the trial judge has in matters of scientific inquiry?

Answer 22

Coppolino v. State

Question 23

Which case addressed issues relating to the confrontation clause of the 6th amendment?

Answer 23

Crawford v. Washington