Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life Flashcards
What are cells?
the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.
what are the three components of cell theory?
- all organisms are made of cells
- cells are the basic unit of life
- all cells come from pre-existing cells that undergo division
explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelle such as the mitochondria and nucleus.
is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? and why
prokaryote
is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? and why
eukaryote
bacteria def.
one of the two domains of prokaryotes, with circular chromosomes.
capsule def.
the outer layer of a basterial cell, composed of a complex carbohydrates
cell membrane def.
a structure that surrounds and encloses a cell
cell wall def.
the rigid outer later of some cells that gives the cell support and structure
chloroplast def.
an organelle containing chlorophyll
cytoplasm def.
the fluid part of the cell outside of the nucleus that contains dissolved chemical substances, insoluable substances and suspended organelles; the chemical reactions that allow the cell to live are carried out there.
cytoskeleton def.
network of protein filements in the cytoplasm of all cells excluding basteria and archaea; primarily gives the cell shape
cytosol def.
the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum def.
the network of flattened, interconnected membranes that provide transport within the cell
eukaryotic def.
relating to a cell containing a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
golgi body def.
golgi apparatus; an organelle involved in the secreation and transport of materials
lysosome def.
organelle within a cell that contains digestive enzymes
mitochondria def.
double-membrane-bound organelle; site of production of adenosine triphosphate
multicellular def.
relating to organsims composed of many specialised cells uroganised into different levels; these cells cannot live independently of each other
nuclear membrane def.
the structure that surrounds and encloses the nucleus
nucleolus def.
the structure in the centre of the nucleus, made up of mostly RNA; manufactures ribosomes
nucleus def.
the membrane-bound structure in a cell that contains the genetic material of an organism
organelle def.
an internal structure or part of the cell that is enclosed by a membrane and has a particular function
pili def.
hair-like structures on the surface of a cell
