Module 1 - Cells as the Basis of Life Flashcards
All living things are made from cells. What dot point is this from?
Cell Theory
Unicellular organisms are made of…
Only one cell
Multicellular organisms are made up of…
More than one cell
What type of organism is the oldest form of life?
Unicellular
bacteria, protozoa, certain algae and certain fungi or yeasts are…
Unicellular
nerve cells, skin cells, blood cells, bone cells are…
Multicellular
Are prokaryotes are unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Multicellular
Is prokaryote or eukaryote smaller?
Prokaryote
What classification of cell as no membrane bound organelles?
Prokaryote
How do prokaryotes participate in cell division?
Binary Fission
How do Eukaryotes participate in cell division?
Mitosis
What classification of cell is divided into two groups and what are they?
Prokaryotes, and the two groups are Archaea and Bacteria
What classification of cell is divided into kingdoms and what are they?
Eukaryotes and the kingdoms are Plants, Fungi, Protist and Animals
Is it Eukaryote or Prokaryote that can be both unicellular and multicellular?
Eukaryote
What classification of cells has no nucleus?
Prokaryote cells
What are the similarities of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?
DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm
What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes their own food via photosynthesis
What are some examples of autotrophs?
Algae, Moss, Ferns, plants
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms
What are some examples of heterotrophs?
Yeast, mould, mushrooms, mammals, birds, fish
What are the differences between a plant and animal cell?
Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.
All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are…
Eukaryotes
What is Binary Fission?
An organism duplicates its genetic material, or DNA, and then divides into two parts, with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA. Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction of prokaryotic organisms.
What is Mitosis?
It is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis is an equational division which gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. This is what Eukaryote cells rely on.
What is Meiosis
It is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome. This is what humans rely on.
What is cytoplasm and what is it responsible for?
The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules
required for cellular processes and is also
responsible for giving the cell its shape.
What is the Nuclear
membrane and what is it responsible for?
It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It includes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials.
What is the Nucleus and what is it responsible for?
The nucleus is a large spherical oval
structure in the cytoplasm. It is
transparent and colourless. There are two
main functions for a nucleus including;
storing the cell’s DNA and being responsible for the growth of the cells, reproduction etc. The nucleus produces ribosomes. Contains the genetic information of a cell to control the develops and the functioning of the whole cells
What are ribosomes and what are they responsible for?
Ribosomes are a cell structure that assists
with making protein. Ribosomes are found
floating around in the cytoplasm and/or
attached to the rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
What are chloroplasts and what are they responsible for?
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells.
Photosynthesis occurs in this section of the
cell. The chloroplast uses the sunlight to
convert the energy into sugars to power the plant cells. Inside of the chloroplasts, there are little green chlorophylls.
What is the Golgi body and what is it responsible for?
The Golgi body is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. There are numerous
functions of the Golgi such as sorting and
processing proteins. They are also
responsible for determining which proteins
are allowed outside of the cell. They take in
the ribosomes, a bit like a post office.
What are lysosomes and what are they responsible for?
Digest and remove waste from the cell. They contain digestive enzymes. They are the stomach of the cell. Lysosomes are surrounded by a layer of lipids acting as a membrane
What is the mitochondria and what is it responsible for?
The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. They produce the energy for the cell known as ATP through cellular respiration. Responsible for creating more than 90% of the energy needed to sustain life. Animals have more than plants.
What is the cytoskeleton and what is it responsible for?
The cytoskeleton is present in all cells. They
are a complex network of interlinking
filaments and tubules throughout the
cytoplasm. They support shape and help
facilitate movement.
What is the centrioles and what is it responsible for?
These are found in pairs in animal cells, they are involved in formation of the spindle for mitosis
What is the cell wall and what is it responsible for?
The cell wall provides support and protection for the cell. They are only found in plant cells. Cell walls lie on the outside of the cell membrane
What is the plasma membrane and what is it responsible for?
Provides protection for a cell and provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several
different functions. Transport
nutrients into the cell and also to transport
toxic substances out of the cell.
Surrounds the whole cell. It regulates what goes in and out of the cell
What is the Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and what is it responsible for?
Is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins
What is the Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and what is it responsible for?
Largely associated with lipid
manufacture and metabolism and steroid
production hormone production. It also has
a detoxification function.
What is the Vacuole and what is it responsible for?
Found only in plant cells, used as food storage for the plant. It contains cell sap. In some cells, takes up 80-90% of the cell volume. A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are
generally small and help sequester waste
products. In plant cells, vacuoles help
maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
What are lipids?
Fat
