module 1 cells as a basis of life

Question 1

does prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 1

no nucleus

Question 2

are prokaryotic cells bigger or smaller?

Answer 2

smaller - very small

Question 3

does prokaryotic cells have organelles?

Answer 3

no organelles

Question 4

does eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

does animals have cell walls?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

does plant cells have cell walls?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

function of chloroplast

Answer 7

use light energy, co2 + water to produce glucose (via photosynthesis)

Question 8

function of the mitochondria

Answer 8

use oxygen + glucose to produce ATP (via respiration)

Question 9

structure of chloroplasts

Answer 9

disk shaped with a double membrane, DNA and chlorophyll

Question 10

structure of mitochondria

Answer 10

have a double membrane (inner membrane highly folded)

Question 11

structure of cell membrane

Answer 11

flexible, semi-permable membrane

Question 12

function of cell membrane

Answer 12

protect/contain organelles and control movement of substances in/out of cell

Question 13

structure of cell wall

Answer 13

external structure which surrounds the cell membrane

Question 14

function of cell wall

Answer 14

structural strength and protection

Question 15

structure of cytoplasm

Answer 15

watery, gel-like fluid

Question 16

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 16

suspend organelles, give the cell shape

Question 17

structure of pili and flagella

Answer 17

external, hair-like appendages made of microtubules

Question 18

structure of vacuole

Answer 18

membrane-bound, fluid-filled vesicle

Question 19

function of vacuole

Answer 19

stores substances; tugor pressure maintains shape/structure in plants

Question 20

structure of the nucleus

Answer 20

membrane bound, contains DNA

Question 21

function of the nucleus

Answer 21

contain genetic instructions for cell growth, repair and functioning

Question 22

structure of ribosomes

Answer 22

made of protein and RNA

Question 23

function of ribosomes

Answer 23

make proteins

Question 24

structure of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

network of flat, interconnected membranes - Rough ER –> HAS ribosomes. Smooth ER –> NO ribosomes

Question 25

function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

Rough ER: process and modify proteins

Smooth ER: make lipids

Question 26

structure of the golgi body

Answer 26

flat, membrane bound sacs that arent connected to each other

Question 27

function of golgi body

Answer 27

processes and packages substances made in the cell e.g. proteins

Question 28

structure of lysosomes

Answer 28

membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

Question 29

function of lysosomes

Answer 29

breaks down cellular waste and foreign particles

Question 30

explain light microscopes

Answer 30

light passes through condenser lens and through the thin specimem- this beam of light then passes through the objective lens and is magnified qand viewed through ocular lens

Question 31

explain fluorescence microscpes

Answer 31

similar to light but has extra features

Question 32

explain electron microscope

Answer 32

uses electron beam and electromagnets –> uses electrons instead of light –> much greater magnification

Question 33

main 2 types of electron microscopes

Answer 33

scanning electron microscopes

transmission electron microscope

Question 34

what does the fluid mosaic model describe?

Answer 34

double layer of lids, a lipid bilayer

Question 35

explain active transport

Answer 35

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and requires the input of energy through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 36

explain diffusion

Answer 36

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region where it has a high concentration to a region where it has a low concentration. Movement by diffusion follows the concentration gradient of the molecule in question.

Question 37

why is both diffusion and osmosis essential for cells

Answer 37

they allow the movement of substances in and out of the cell’s cytoplasm across the cell membrane. These processes occur automatically without the input of energy. Thus, they are said to be ‘passive transport’.

Question 38

when does facilitated diffusion occur

Answer 38

when substances move down a concentration gradient (high to low) but their movement is facilitated by carrier proteins

Question 39

cellular/aerobic respiration formular

Answer 39

glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + ATP (energy)

Question 40

photosynthesis formular

Answer 40

co2 + o2 –> (sunlight chlorophyll) –> glucose + oxygen

Question 41

what are enzymes

Answer 41

• Enzymes are biological catalysts i.e. they are organic compounds and speed up reactions

Question 42

at what temp does enzymes denature?

Answer 42

beyond 50-60 degrees

Question 43

what are the factors that effect enzymes?

Answer 43

substrate, temp, pH

Question 44

what do autotrophs need to do to obtain energy

Answer 44

Autotrophs need to manufacture their own glucose by the process of photosynthesis e.g. Green plants

Question 45

what do heterotrophs need to do to obtain energy

Answer 45

Heterotrophs obtain glucose by consuming other organisms and then by the process of digestion breakdown their food into simpler organic compounds including glucose e.g. All animals and fungi

Question 46

example of an autotroph

Answer 46

green plants

Question 47

example of heterotrophs

Answer 47

all animals and fungi

Question 48

how is matter made

Answer 48

through photosynthesis

Question 49

how does waste removal usually occur

Answer 49

through diffusion